[386] Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 418.
[387] Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 8.
[388] Arrian, l.s.c.
[389] Arrian, ii. 20, § 1.
[390] Ibid. § 2.
[391] Arrian, ii. 20; § 3; Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 11.
[392] {‘Epibibasas tois katastromasi ton upaspiston osoi ikanoi edokoun es to ergon} (Arrian, ii. 20, § 6).
[393] The Tyrians had but eighty vessels against Alexander’s 224.
[394] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 20, ad fin.
[395] Ibid. ii. 21, § 8.
[396] Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 7-9.
[397] Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, § 6; Q. Curt. l.s.c.
[398] See Kenrick, /Phnicia/, pp. 421, 422.
[399] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 1.
[400] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 4-7.
[401] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 8.
[402] Some editions of Arrian gave {Pasikratous tou Thourieos}, “Pasicrates the Thurian,” but the right reading is undoubtedly {tou Kourieos}, “the Curian, or king of Curium.” (See the note of Sintenis ad loc.)
[403] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, § 2.
[404] Six triremes and all the quinqueremes (Arrian, ii. 22, § 3).
[405] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, § 5.
[406] Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, § 7.
[407] Ibid. xvii. 45, § 4.
[408] Diod. Sic. xvii. 45, § 3.
[409] Ibid. xvii. 43, § 7, 8.
[410] Ibid. xvii. 44, § 4.
[411] Ibid. xvii. 44, § 1-3.
[412] Ibid. § 4.
[413] Ibid. xvii. 45, § 6.
[414] Ibid. xvii. 43, § 3.
[415] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, sub fin.
[416] {Kateseise tou teikhous epi mega} (Ibid. ii. 23, § 1).
[417] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 1.
[418] Arrian, ii. 23, § 2.
[419] Ibid. ii. 23, § 5.
[420] Not “/the/ foremost,” as Diodorus says (xvii. 46, § 2).
[421] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 23, ad fin.
[422] Ibid. ii. 24, § 1.
[423] Ibid.
[424] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 24, § 4.
[425] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 4.
[426] So Arrian (l.s.c.) Diodorus reduces the number to thirteen thousand (xvii. 46, § 4).
[427] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 5; Arrian, ii. 24, § 6.
[428] See Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 428, note 3.
[429] See Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 6. The name Abd-elonim, “servant of the gods,” is common. The Greeks and Romans generally render it by Abdalonymus.
[430] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ iii. 6, § 3.
[431] Ibid. vi. 1, § 6.
[432] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ vi. 22, § 4.
[433] Ibid. vii. 19, § 3.
[434] Ibid. § 5.
[435] Diod. Sic. xviii. 3, § 1.
[436] Ibid. 43, § 2.
[437] Diod. Sic. xix. 58, § 1.
[438] So Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 433. Compare Diod. Sic. xviii. 37, § 4.
[439] Diod. Sic. xix. 58, § 2-4.
[440] Ibid. 61, § 6.
[441] Plutarch, /Vit. Demetr./ § 32.
[442] Diod. Sic. xxx. 17; Polyb. v. 40.
[443] Polyb. v. 60.
[444] Ibid. v. 62.
[445] Polyb. xvi. 18; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 3, § 3.
[446] See Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 436.
[447] Herod. i. 1. Egypt never sent trading ships into the Mediterranean. All her commerce with Syria, Asia Minor, and Europe was carried on either in Greek or Phnician bottoms.
[448] Kenrick, /Phnicia/, l.s.c.
[449] As that of the Red Sea, Arabia, and the East African coast.
[450] 2 Macc. iv. 18.
[451] Ibid. verses 44-50.
[452] Gesenius, /Mon. Phn./ pls. 32-34.
[453] Kenrick, /Phnicia/, pp. 437, 438.
[454] Livy, xxvii. 30.
[455] 2 Macc. iv. 49.
[456] 1 Macc. iii. 34-36; 2 Macc. viii. 9; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 7, § 2,
[457] 2 Macc. viii. 11.
[458] 1 Macc. iii. 41.
[459] 2 Macc. viii. 25; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 7, § 4.
[460] Strab. xvii. 2, § 22.
[461] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 4, § 3.
[462] Ibid. § 4.
[463] By Theodotus in B.C. 219 (Polyb. v. 61, § 5), by Cleopatra, queen of Syria, about B.C. 85 (Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiii. 13, § 2), by Tigranes in B.C. 83 (ibid. xiii. 16, § 4), &c.
[464] Justin, /Hist. Philipp./ xl. 1; Appian, /Syriaca/, § 48.
[465] Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 438.
[466] Or, sometimes, under a proprætor.
[467] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiv. 10, § 2.
[468] Ibid. xv. 4, § 1, ad fin.
[469] Ibid. xiv. 12, §§ 4, 5.
[470] Mommsen, /History of Rome/, iv. 113-115, Engl. Tr.; Merivale, /Roman Empire/, i. 36.
[471] Thucyd. i. 4.
[472] See the author’s /Sixth Oriental Monarchy/, pp. 178-180.
[473] Dio Cass. /Hist. Rom./ xlviii. 25.
[474] Ibid. § 26.
[475] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiv. 13.
[476] Dio. Cass. xlviii. 39-41.
[477] Ibid. liv. 7.
[478] Ramsay, in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Geography/, i. 11.
[479] Suidas ad voc. {Paulos Turios}.
[480] Mark vii. 24-30. Compare Matt. xv. 21-28.
[481] Acts xii. 20, 21.
[482] Acts xi. 19.
[483] Ibid. xxi. 3-7.
[484] See Robertson, /History of the Christian Church/, i. 195, 196.
[485] Ibid. p. 201.
[486] Some doubts have been entertained as to whether Porphyry was really a Tyrian, but his own statement (/Vit. Plotini/, ii. 107), backed as it is by the testimony of Eunapius and Suidas, should be regarded as settling the question.
[487] Mason, in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, iii. 502.
[488] See the article on PORPHYRIUS in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, iii. 498-502.
[489] Strab. xvi. 2, § 24.
[490] See the lines quoted by Kenrick (/Phnicia/, p. 440, note) from Cramer’s /Anecdota Græca/ (iv. 19, § 6):–
{Oi tes Stoas bullousin ‘Akademian, Purronas outoi, pantas o Stegeirites. ‘Alloi de touton Phoinikes te kai Suroi.}
[491] Strabo, l.s.c.
[492] Ibid. Strabo’s words are: {Nuni de pases kai tes alles philosophias euporian polu pleisten labein estin ek touton ton poleon.}
[493] Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, ii. 417.
[494] Kenrick, /Phnicia/, p. 440.
[495] Suidas, s.v. {Paulos Turios}.
[496] Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, ii. 1000.
[497] Smith’s Gibbon, ii. 317.
[498] Heineccius, /Ant. Rom. Synt./ Proëm, § 45.
[499] Ibid.
[500] See Eckhel, /Doctr. Num. Vet./ iii. 366; Mionnet, /Description des Médailles/, Supplement.
[501] Note that the “Syro-Phnician woman” who conversed with our Lord is spoken of as also {‘Ellenis}, one whose language was Greek (Mark vii. 26).
[502] /De situ orbis/, i. 12; “Sidon adhuc opulenta.”
[503] Ulpian, /Digest. Leg. de Cens./ tit. 15.
[504] /Exp. totius Mundi/ in Hudson’s /Geographi Minores/, iii. 6.
[505] Hieronymus, /Comment. ad Ezek./ xxxvi. 7.
[506] Hieronymus, /Comment. ad Ezek./ xxvii. 2.
[507] Ezek. xxvi. 14.
[508] Euseb. /Vita Constantin. Magni/, iii. 58.