This etext was prepared by Dianne Bean.
HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK
by William Shakespeare
PERSONS REPRESENTED.
Claudius, King of Denmark.
Hamlet, Son to the former, and Nephew to the present King. Polonius, Lord Chamberlain.
Horatio, Friend to Hamlet.
Laertes, Son to Polonius.
Voltimand, Courtier.
Cornelius, Courtier.
Rosencrantz, Courtier.
Guildenstern, Courtier.
Osric, Courtier.
A Gentleman, Courtier.
A Priest.
Marcellus, Officer.
Bernardo, Officer.
Francisco, a Soldier
Reynaldo, Servant to Polonius.
Players.
Two Clowns, Grave-diggers.
Fortinbras, Prince of Norway.
A Captain.
English Ambassadors.
Ghost of Hamlet’s Father.
Gertrude, Queen of Denmark, and Mother of Hamlet. Ophelia, Daughter to Polonius.
Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailors, Messengers, and other Attendants.
SCENE. Elsinore.
ACT I.
Scene I. Elsinore. A platform before the Castle.
[Francisco at his post. Enter to him Bernardo.]
Ber.
Who’s there?
Fran.
Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.
Ber.
Long live the king!
Fran.
Bernardo?
Ber.
He.
Fran.
You come most carefully upon your hour.
Ber.
‘Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco.
Fran.
For this relief much thanks: ’tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart.
Ber.
Have you had quiet guard?
Fran.
Not a mouse stirring.
Ber.
Well, good night.
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste.
Fran.
I think I hear them.–Stand, ho! Who is there?
[Enter Horatio and Marcellus.]
Hor.
Friends to this ground.
Mar.
And liegemen to the Dane.
Fran.
Give you good-night.
Mar.
O, farewell, honest soldier;
Who hath reliev’d you?
Fran.
Bernardo has my place.
Give you good-night.
[Exit.]
Mar.
Holla! Bernardo!
Ber.
Say.
What, is Horatio there?
Hor.
A piece of him.
Ber.
Welcome, Horatio:–Welcome, good Marcellus.
Mar.
What, has this thing appear’d again to-night?
Ber.
I have seen nothing.
Mar.
Horatio says ’tis but our fantasy,
And will not let belief take hold of him Touching this dreaded sight, twice seen of us: Therefore I have entreated him along
With us to watch the minutes of this night; That, if again this apparition come
He may approve our eyes and speak to it.
Hor.
Tush, tush, ’twill not appear.
Ber.
Sit down awhile,
And let us once again assail your ears, That are so fortified against our story, What we two nights have seen.
Hor.
Well, sit we down,
And let us hear Bernardo speak of this.
Ber.
Last night of all,
When yond same star that’s westward from the pole Had made his course to illume that part of heaven Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself, The bell then beating one,–
Mar.
Peace, break thee off; look where it comes again!
[Enter Ghost, armed.]
Ber.
In the same figure, like the king that’s dead.
Mar.
Thou art a scholar; speak to it, Horatio.
Ber.
Looks it not like the King? mark it, Horatio.
Hor.
Most like:–it harrows me with fear and wonder.
Ber.
It would be spoke to.
Mar.
Question it, Horatio.
Hor.
What art thou, that usurp’st this time of night, Together with that fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark
Did sometimes march? By heaven I charge thee, speak!
Mar.
It is offended.
Ber.
See, it stalks away!
Hor.
Stay! speak, speak! I charge thee speak!
[Exit Ghost.]
Mar.
‘Tis gone, and will not answer.
Ber.
How now, Horatio! You tremble and look pale: Is not this something more than fantasy? What think you on’t?
Hor.
Before my God, I might not this believe Without the sensible and true avouch
Of mine own eyes.
Mar.
Is it not like the King?
Hor.
As thou art to thyself:
Such was the very armour he had on
When he the ambitious Norway combated; So frown’d he once when, in an angry parle, He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice. ‘Tis strange.
Mar.
Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour, With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch.
Hor.
In what particular thought to work I know not; But, in the gross and scope of my opinion, This bodes some strange eruption to our state.
Mar.
Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows, Why this same strict and most observant watch So nightly toils the subject of the land; And why such daily cast of brazen cannon, And foreign mart for implements of war;
Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore task Does not divide the Sunday from the week; What might be toward, that this sweaty haste Doth make the night joint-labourer with the day: Who is’t that can inform me?
Hor.
That can I;
At least, the whisper goes so. Our last king, Whose image even but now appear’d to us, Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway, Thereto prick’d on by a most emulate pride, Dar’d to the combat; in which our valiant Hamlet,– For so this side of our known world esteem’d him,– Did slay this Fortinbras; who, by a seal’d compact, Well ratified by law and heraldry,
Did forfeit, with his life, all those his lands, Which he stood seiz’d of, to the conqueror: Against the which, a moiety competent
Was gaged by our king; which had return’d To the inheritance of Fortinbras,
Had he been vanquisher; as by the same cov’nant, And carriage of the article design’d,
His fell to Hamlet. Now, sir, young Fortinbras, Of unimproved mettle hot and full,
Hath in the skirts of Norway, here and there, Shark’d up a list of lawless resolutes,
For food and diet, to some enterprise That hath a stomach in’t; which is no other,– As it doth well appear unto our state,– But to recover of us, by strong hand,
And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands So by his father lost: and this, I take it, Is the main motive of our preparations,
The source of this our watch, and the chief head Of this post-haste and romage in the land.
Ber.
I think it be no other but e’en so: Well may it sort, that this portentous figure Comes armed through our watch; so like the king That was and is the question of these wars.
Hor.
A mote it is to trouble the mind’s eye. In the most high and palmy state of Rome, A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,
The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets; As, stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, Disasters in the sun; and the moist star, Upon whose influence Neptune’s empire stands, Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse: And even the like precurse of fierce events,– As harbingers preceding still the fates, And prologue to the omen coming on,–
Have heaven and earth together demonstrated Unto our climature and countrymen.–
But, soft, behold! lo, where it comes again!
[Re-enter Ghost.]
I’ll cross it, though it blast me.–Stay, illusion! If thou hast any sound, or use of voice, Speak to me:
If there be any good thing to be done, That may to thee do ease, and, race to me, Speak to me:
If thou art privy to thy country’s fate, Which, happily, foreknowing may avoid,
O, speak!
Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life Extorted treasure in the womb of earth,
For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death, [The cock crows.]
Speak of it:–stay, and speak!–Stop it, Marcellus!
Mar.
Shall I strike at it with my partisan?
Hor.
Do, if it will not stand.
Ber.
‘Tis here!
Hor.
‘Tis here!
Mar.
‘Tis gone!
[Exit Ghost.]
We do it wrong, being so majestical,
To offer it the show of violence;
For it is, as the air, invulnerable, And our vain blows malicious mockery.
Ber.
It was about to speak, when the cock crew.
Hor.
And then it started, like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons. I have heard
The cock, that is the trumpet to the morn, Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding throat Awake the god of day; and at his warning, Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air, The extravagant and erring spirit hies
To his confine: and of the truth herein This present object made probation.
Mar.
It faded on the crowing of the cock. Some say that ever ‘gainst that season comes Wherein our Saviour’s birth is celebrated, The bird of dawning singeth all night long; And then, they say, no spirit dare stir abroad; The nights are wholesome; then no planets strike, No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm; So hallow’d and so gracious is the time.
Hor.
So have I heard, and do in part believe it. But, look, the morn, in russet mantle clad, Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastward hill: Break we our watch up: and by my advice, Let us impart what we have seen to-night Unto young Hamlet; for, upon my life,
This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him: Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it, As needful in our loves, fitting our duty?
Mar.
Let’s do’t, I pray; and I this morning know Where we shall find him most conveniently.
[Exeunt.]
Scene II. Elsinore. A room of state in the Castle.
[Enter the King, Queen, Hamlet, Polonius, Laertes, Voltimand, Cornelius, Lords, and Attendant.]
King.
Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother’s death The memory be green, and that it us befitted To bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe;
Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature That we with wisest sorrow think on him, Together with remembrance of ourselves.
Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, Th’ imperial jointress to this warlike state, Have we, as ’twere with a defeated joy,– With an auspicious and one dropping eye, With mirth in funeral, and with dirge in marriage, In equal scale weighing delight and dole,– Taken to wife; nor have we herein barr’d Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone With this affair along:–or all, our thanks. Now follows, that you know, young Fortinbras, Holding a weak supposal of our worth,
Or thinking by our late dear brother’s death Our state to be disjoint and out of frame, Colleagued with this dream of his advantage, He hath not fail’d to pester us with message, Importing the surrender of those lands
Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, To our most valiant brother. So much for him,– Now for ourself and for this time of meeting: Thus much the business is:–we have here writ To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras,–
Who, impotent and bed-rid, scarcely hears Of this his nephew’s purpose,–to suppress His further gait herein; in that the levies, The lists, and full proportions are all made Out of his subject:–and we here dispatch You, good Cornelius, and you, Voltimand, For bearers of this greeting to old Norway; Giving to you no further personal power
To business with the king, more than the scope Of these dilated articles allow.
Farewell; and let your haste commend your duty.
Cor. and Volt.
In that and all things will we show our duty.
King.
We doubt it nothing: heartily farewell.
[Exeunt Voltimand and Cornelius.]
And now, Laertes, what’s the news with you? You told us of some suit; what is’t, Laertes? You cannot speak of reason to the Dane,
And lose your voice: what wouldst thou beg, Laertes, That shall not be my offer, not thy asking? The head is not more native to the heart, The hand more instrumental to the mouth, Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. What wouldst thou have, Laertes?
Laer.
Dread my lord,
Your leave and favour to return to France; From whence though willingly I came to Denmark, To show my duty in your coronation;
Yet now, I must confess, that duty done, My thoughts and wishes bend again toward France, And bow them to your gracious leave and pardon.
King.
Have you your father’s leave? What says Polonius?
Pol.
He hath, my lord, wrung from me my slow leave By laboursome petition; and at last
Upon his will I seal’d my hard consent: I do beseech you, give him leave to go.
King.
Take thy fair hour, Laertes; time be thine, And thy best graces spend it at thy will!– But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son–
Ham.
[Aside.] A little more than kin, and less than kind!
King.
How is it that the clouds still hang on you?
Ham.
Not so, my lord; I am too much i’ the sun.
Queen.
Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted colour off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not for ever with thy vailed lids
Seek for thy noble father in the dust: Thou know’st ’tis common,–all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity.
Ham.
Ay, madam, it is common.
Queen.
If it be,
Why seems it so particular with thee?
Ham.
Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not seems. ‘Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black,
Nor windy suspiration of forc’d breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the eye,
Nor the dejected ‘havior of the visage, Together with all forms, moods, shows of grief, That can denote me truly: these, indeed, seem; For they are actions that a man might play; But I have that within which passeth show; These but the trappings and the suits of woe.
King.
‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father; But, you must know, your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his; and the survivor bound, In filial obligation, for some term
To do obsequious sorrow: but to persevere In obstinate condolement is a course
Of impious stubbornness; ’tis unmanly grief; It shows a will most incorrect to heaven; A heart unfortified, a mind impatient;
An understanding simple and unschool’d; For what we know must be, and is as common As any the most vulgar thing to sense,
Why should we, in our peevish opposition, Take it to heart? Fie! ’tis a fault to heaven, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, To reason most absurd; whose common theme Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried, From the first corse till he that died to-day, ‘This must be so.’ We pray you, throw to earth This unprevailing woe; and think of us
As of a father: for let the world take note You are the most immediate to our throne; And with no less nobility of love
Than that which dearest father bears his son Do I impart toward you. For your intent
In going back to school in Wittenberg, It is most retrograde to our desire:
And we beseech you bend you to remain Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye, Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son.
Queen.
Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet: I pray thee stay with us; go not to Wittenberg.
Ham.
I shall in all my best obey you, madam.
King.
Why, ’tis a loving and a fair reply: Be as ourself in Denmark.–Madam, come;
This gentle and unforc’d accord of Hamlet Sits smiling to my heart: in grace whereof, No jocund health that Denmark drinks to-day But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell; And the king’s rouse the heaven shall bruit again, Re-speaking earthly thunder. Come away.
[Exeunt all but Hamlet.]
Ham.
O that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!
Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world!
Fie on’t! O fie! ’tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this! But two months dead!–nay, not so much, not two: So excellent a king; that was, to this,
Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother, That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth! Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on: and yet, within a month,– Let me not think on’t,–Frailty, thy name is woman!– A little month; or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father’s body Like Niobe, all tears;–why she, even she,– O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason, Would have mourn’d longer,–married with mine uncle, My father’s brother; but no more like my father Than I to Hercules: within a month;
Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married:– O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good;
But break my heart,–for I must hold my tongue!
[Enter Horatio, Marcellus, and Bernardo.]
Hor.
Hail to your lordship!
Ham.
I am glad to see you well:
Horatio,–or I do forget myself.
Hor.
The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever.
Ham.
Sir, my good friend; I’ll change that name with you: And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio?– Marcellus?
Mar.
My good lord,–
Ham.
I am very glad to see you.–Good even, sir.– But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg?
Hor.
A truant disposition, good my lord.
Ham.
I would not hear your enemy say so; Nor shall you do my ear that violence,
To make it truster of your own report Against yourself: I know you are no truant. But what is your affair in Elsinore?
We’ll teach you to drink deep ere you depart.
Hor.
My lord, I came to see your father’s funeral.
Ham.
I prithee do not mock me, fellow-student. I think it was to see my mother’s wedding.
Hor.
Indeed, my lord, it follow’d hard upon.
Ham.
Thrift, thrift, Horatio! The funeral bak’d meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio!–
My father,–methinks I see my father.
Hor.
Where, my lord?
Ham.
In my mind’s eye, Horatio.
Hor.
I saw him once; he was a goodly king.
Ham.
He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again.
Hor.
My lord, I think I saw him yesternight.
Ham.
Saw who?
Hor.
My lord, the king your father.
Ham.
The King my father!
Hor.
Season your admiration for awhile
With an attent ear, till I may deliver, Upon the witness of these gentlemen,
This marvel to you.
Ham.
For God’s love let me hear.
Hor.
Two nights together had these gentlemen, Marcellus and Bernardo, on their watch
In the dead vast and middle of the night, Been thus encounter’d. A figure like your father, Armed at point exactly, cap-a-pe,
Appears before them and with solemn march Goes slow and stately by them: thrice he walk’d By their oppress’d and fear-surprised eyes, Within his truncheon’s length; whilst they, distill’d Almost to jelly with the act of fear,
Stand dumb, and speak not to him. This to me In dreadful secrecy impart they did;
And I with them the third night kept the watch: Where, as they had deliver’d, both in time, Form of the thing, each word made true and good, The apparition comes: I knew your father; These hands are not more like.
Ham.
But where was this?
Mar.
My lord, upon the platform where we watch’d.
Ham.
Did you not speak to it?
Hor.
My lord, I did;
But answer made it none: yet once methought It lifted up it head, and did address
Itself to motion, like as it would speak: But even then the morning cock crew loud, And at the sound it shrunk in haste away, And vanish’d from our sight.
Ham.
‘Tis very strange.
Hor.
As I do live, my honour’d lord, ’tis true; And we did think it writ down in our duty To let you know of it.
Ham.
Indeed, indeed, sirs, but this troubles me. Hold you the watch to-night?
Mar. and Ber.
We do, my lord.
Ham.
Arm’d, say you?
Both.
Arm’d, my lord.
Ham.
From top to toe?
Both.
My lord, from head to foot.
Ham.
Then saw you not his face?
Hor.
O, yes, my lord: he wore his beaver up.
Ham.
What, look’d he frowningly?
Hor.
A countenance more in sorrow than in anger.
Ham.
Pale or red?
Hor.
Nay, very pale.
Ham.
And fix’d his eyes upon you?
Hor.
Most constantly.
Ham.
I would I had been there.
Hor.
It would have much amaz’d you.
Ham.
Very like, very like. Stay’d it long?
Hor.
While one with moderate haste might tell a hundred.
Mar. and Ber.
Longer, longer.
Hor.
Not when I saw’t.
Ham.
His beard was grizzled,–no?
Hor.
It was, as I have seen it in his life, A sable silver’d.
Ham.
I will watch to-night;
Perchance ’twill walk again.
Hor.
I warr’nt it will.
Ham.
If it assume my noble father’s person, I’ll speak to it, though hell itself should gape And bid me hold my peace. I pray you all, If you have hitherto conceal’d this sight, Let it be tenable in your silence still; And whatsoever else shall hap to-night,
Give it an understanding, but no tongue: I will requite your loves. So, fare ye well: Upon the platform, ‘twixt eleven and twelve, I’ll visit you.
All.
Our duty to your honour.
Ham.
Your loves, as mine to you: farewell.
[Exeunt Horatio, Marcellus, and Bernardo.]
My father’s spirit in arms! All is not well; I doubt some foul play: would the night were come! Till then sit still, my soul: foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes.
[Exit.]
Scene III. A room in Polonius’s house.
[Enter Laertes and Ophelia.]
Laer.
My necessaries are embark’d: farewell: And, sister, as the winds give benefit
And convoy is assistant, do not sleep, But let me hear from you.
Oph.
Do you doubt that?
Laer.
For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favour, Hold it a fashion, and a toy in blood:
A violet in the youth of primy nature, Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting; The perfume and suppliance of a minute;
No more.
Oph.
No more but so?
Laer.
Think it no more:
For nature, crescent, does not grow alone In thews and bulk; but as this temple waxes, The inward service of the mind and soul
Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now; And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch The virtue of his will: but you must fear, His greatness weigh’d, his will is not his own; For he himself is subject to his birth:
He may not, as unvalu’d persons do, Carve for himself; for on his choice depends The safety and health of this whole state; And therefore must his choice be circumscrib’d Unto the voice and yielding of that body Whereof he is the head. Then if he says he loves you, It fits your wisdom so far to believe it As he in his particular act and place
May give his saying deed; which is no further Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal. Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain If with too credent ear you list his songs, Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open To his unmaster’d importunity.
Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister; And keep you in the rear of your affection, Out of the shot and danger of desire.
The chariest maid is prodigal enough If she unmask her beauty to the moon:
Virtue itself scopes not calumnious strokes: The canker galls the infants of the spring Too oft before their buttons be disclos’d: And in the morn and liquid dew of youth
Contagious blastments are most imminent. Be wary then; best safety lies in fear:
Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.
Oph.
I shall th’ effect of this good lesson keep As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother, Do not, as some ungracious pastors do,
Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven; Whilst, like a puff’d and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads And recks not his own read.
Laer.
O, fear me not.
I stay too long:–but here my father comes.
[Enter Polonius.]
A double blessing is a double grace;
Occasion smiles upon a second leave.
Pol.
Yet here, Laertes! aboard, aboard, for shame! The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail, And you are stay’d for. There,–my blessing with thee!
[Laying his hand on Laertes’s head.]
And these few precepts in thy memory
Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue, Nor any unproportion’d thought his act.
Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, Grapple them unto thy soul with hoops of steel; But do not dull thy palm with entertainment Of each new-hatch’d, unfledg’d comrade. Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being in, Bear’t that the opposed may beware of thee. Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice: Take each man’s censure, but reserve thy judgment. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not express’d in fancy; rich, not gaudy: For the apparel oft proclaims the man;
And they in France of the best rank and station Are most select and generous chief in that. Neither a borrower nor a lender be:
For loan oft loses both itself and friend; And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all,–to thine own self be true; And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell: my blessing season this in thee!
Laer.
Most humbly do I take my leave, my lord.
Pol.
The time invites you; go, your servants tend.
Laer.
Farewell, Ophelia; and remember well What I have said to you.
Oph.
‘Tis in my memory lock’d,
And you yourself shall keep the key of it.
Laer.
Farewell.
[Exit.]
Pol.
What is’t, Ophelia, he hath said to you?
Oph.
So please you, something touching the Lord Hamlet.
Pol.
Marry, well bethought:
‘Tis told me he hath very oft of late Given private time to you; and you yourself Have of your audience been most free and bounteous; If it be so,–as so ’tis put on me,
And that in way of caution,–I must tell you You do not understand yourself so clearly As it behooves my daughter and your honour. What is between you? give me up the truth.
Oph.
He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders Of his affection to me.
Pol.
Affection! pooh! you speak like a green girl, Unsifted in such perilous circumstance.
Do you believe his tenders, as you call them?
Oph.
I do not know, my lord, what I should think.
Pol.
Marry, I’ll teach you: think yourself a baby; That you have ta’en these tenders for true pay, Which are not sterling. Tender yourself more dearly; Or,–not to crack the wind of the poor phrase, Wronging it thus,–you’ll tender me a fool.
Oph.
My lord, he hath importun’d me with love In honourable fashion.
Pol.
Ay, fashion you may call it; go to, go to.
Oph.
And hath given countenance to his speech, my lord, With almost all the holy vows of heaven.
Pol.
Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know, When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul Lends the tongue vows: these blazes, daughter, Giving more light than heat,–extinct in both, Even in their promise, as it is a-making,– You must not take for fire. From this time Be something scanter of your maiden presence; Set your entreatments at a higher rate
Than a command to parley. For Lord Hamlet, Believe so much in him, that he is young; And with a larger tether may he walk
Than may be given you: in few, Ophelia, Do not believe his vows; for they are brokers,– Not of that dye which their investments show, But mere implorators of unholy suits,
Breathing like sanctified and pious bawds, The better to beguile. This is for all,– I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth Have you so slander any moment leisure
As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to’t, I charge you; come your ways.
Oph.
I shall obey, my lord.
[Exeunt.]
Scene IV. The platform.
[Enter Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus.]
Ham.
The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.
Hor.
It is a nipping and an eager air.
Ham.
What hour now?
Hor.
I think it lacks of twelve.
Mar.
No, it is struck.
Hor.
Indeed? I heard it not: then draws near the season Wherein the spirit held his wont to walk.
[A flourish of trumpets, and ordnance shot off within.]
What does this mean, my lord?
Ham.
The King doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and the swaggering up-spring reels; And, as he drains his draughts of Rhenish down, The kettle-drum and trumpet thus bray out The triumph of his pledge.
Hor.
Is it a custom?
Ham.
Ay, marry, is’t;
But to my mind,–though I am native here, And to the manner born,–it is a custom
More honour’d in the breach than the observance. This heavy-headed revel east and west
Makes us traduc’d and tax’d of other nations: They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase Soil our addition; and, indeed, it takes From our achievements, though perform’d at height, The pith and marrow of our attribute.
So oft it chances in particular men That, for some vicious mole of nature in them, As in their birth,–wherein they are not guilty, Since nature cannot choose his origin,– By the o’ergrowth of some complexion,
Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason; Or by some habit, that too much o’er-leavens The form of plausive manners;–that these men,– Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect, Being nature’s livery, or fortune’s star,– Their virtues else,–be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may undergo,–
Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault: the dram of eale Doth all the noble substance often doubt To his own scandal.
Hor.
Look, my lord, it comes!
[Enter Ghost.]
Ham.
Angels and ministers of grace defend us!– Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damn’d, Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, Be thy intents wicked or charitable,
Thou com’st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee: I’ll call thee Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane; O, answer me!
Let me not burst in ignorance; but tell Why thy canoniz’d bones, hearsed in death, Have burst their cerements; why the sepulchre, Wherein we saw thee quietly in-urn’d,
Hath op’d his ponderous and marble jaws To cast thee up again! What may this mean, That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel, Revisit’st thus the glimpses of the moon, Making night hideous, and we fools of nature So horridly to shake our disposition
With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls? Say, why is this? wherefore? what should we do?
[Ghost beckons Hamlet.]
Hor.
It beckons you to go away with it,
As if it some impartment did desire To you alone.
Mar.
Look with what courteous action
It waves you to a more removed ground: But do not go with it!
Hor.
No, by no means.
Ham.
It will not speak; then will I follow it.
Hor.
Do not, my lord.
Ham.
Why, what should be the fear?
I do not set my life at a pin’s fee; And for my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself?
It waves me forth again;–I’ll follow it.
Hor.
What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff
That beetles o’er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? think of it:
The very place puts toys of desperation, Without more motive, into every brain
That looks so many fadoms to the sea And hears it roar beneath.
Ham.
It waves me still.–
Go on; I’ll follow thee.
Mar.
You shall not go, my lord.
Ham.
Hold off your hands.
Hor.
Be rul’d; you shall not go.
Ham.
My fate cries out,
And makes each petty artery in this body As hardy as the Nemean lion’s nerve.–
[Ghost beckons.]
Still am I call’d;–unhand me, gentlemen;–
[Breaking free from them.]
By heaven, I’ll make a ghost of him that lets me!– I say, away!–Go on; I’ll follow thee.
[Exeunt Ghost and Hamlet.]
Hor.
He waxes desperate with imagination.
Mar.
Let’s follow; ’tis not fit thus to obey him.
Hor.
Have after.–To what issue will this come?
Mar.
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.
Hor.
Heaven will direct it.
Mar.
Nay, let’s follow him.
[Exeunt.]
Scene V. A more remote part of the Castle.
[Enter Ghost and Hamlet.]
Ham.
Whither wilt thou lead me? speak! I’ll go no further.
Ghost.
Mark me.
Ham.
I will.
Ghost.
My hour is almost come,
When I to sulph’uous and tormenting flames Must render up myself.
Ham.
Alas, poor ghost!
Ghost.
Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing To what I shall unfold.
Ham.
Speak;I am bound to hear.
Ghost.
So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear.
Ham.
What?
Ghost.
I am thy father’s spirit;
Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confin’d to wastein fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burnt and purg’d away. But that I am forbid To tell the secrets of my prison-house,
I could a tale unfold whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul; freeze thy young blood; Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres; Thy knotted and combined locks to part,
And each particular hair to stand on end Like quills upon the fretful porcupine:
But this eternal blazon must not be To ears of flesh and blood.–List, list, O, list!– If thou didst ever thy dear father love–
Ham.
O God!
Ghost.
Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.
Ham.
Murder!
Ghost.
Murder most foul, as in the best it is; But this most foul, strange, and unnatural.
Ham.
Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love,
May sweep to my revenge.
Ghost.
I find thee apt;
And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed That rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf, Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear. ‘Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forged process of my death
Rankly abus’d; but know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.
Ham.
O my prophetic soul!
Mine uncle!
Ghost.
Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast, With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts,– O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power So to seduce!–won to his shameful lust
The will of my most seeming-virtuous queen: O Hamlet, what a falling-off was there!
From me, whose love was of that dignity That it went hand in hand even with the vow I made to her in marriage; and to decline Upon a wretch whose natural gifts were poor To those of mine!
But virtue, as it never will be mov’d, Though lewdness court it in a shape of heaven; So lust, though to a radiant angel link’d, Will sate itself in a celestial bed
And prey on garbage.
But soft! methinks I scent the morning air; Brief let me be.–Sleeping within my orchard, My custom always of the afternoon,
Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole, With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial,
And in the porches of my ears did pour The leperous distilment; whose effect
Holds such an enmity with blood of man That, swift as quicksilver, it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body; And with a sudden vigour it doth posset
And curd, like eager droppings into milk, The thin and wholesome blood; so did it mine; And a most instant tetter bark’d about,
Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust All my smooth body.
Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand, Of life, of crown, of queen, at once dispatch’d: Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,
Unhous’led, disappointed, unanel’d; No reckoning made, but sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head:
O, horrible! O, horrible! most horrible! If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not; Let not the royal bed of Denmark be
A couch for luxury and damned incest. But, howsoever thou pursu’st this act,
Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught: leave her to heaven, And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge, To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once! The glowworm shows the matin to be near, And ‘gins to pale his uneffectual fire:
Adieu, adieu! Hamlet, remember me.
[Exit.]
Ham.
O all you host of heaven! O earth! what else? And shall I couple hell? O, fie!–Hold, my heart; And you, my sinews, grow not instant old, But bear me stiffly up.–Remember thee!
Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat In this distracted globe. Remember thee! Yea, from the table of my memory
I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past, That youth and observation copied there; And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain,
Unmix’d with baser matter: yes, by heaven!– O most pernicious woman!
O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain! My tables,–meet it is I set it down,
That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain; At least, I am sure, it may be so in Denmark:
[Writing.]
So, uncle, there you are. Now to my word; It is ‘Adieu, adieu! remember me:’
I have sworn’t.
Hor.
[Within.] My lord, my lord,–
Mar.
[Within.] Lord Hamlet,–
Hor.
[Within.] Heaven secure him!
Ham.
So be it!
Mar.
[Within.] Illo, ho, ho, my lord!
Ham.
Hillo, ho, ho, boy! Come, bird, come.
[Enter Horatio and Marcellus.]
Mar.
How is’t, my noble lord?
Hor.
What news, my lord?
Ham.
O, wonderful!
Hor.
Good my lord, tell it.
Ham.
No; you’ll reveal it.
Hor.
Not I, my lord, by heaven.
Mar.
Nor I, my lord.
Ham.
How say you then; would heart of man once think it?– But you’ll be secret?
Hor. and Mar.
Ay, by heaven, my lord.
Ham.
There’s ne’er a villain dwelling in all Denmark But he’s an arrant knave.
Hor.
There needs no ghost, my lord, come from the grave To tell us this.
Ham.
Why, right; you are i’ the right;
And so, without more circumstance at all, I hold it fit that we shake hands and part: You, as your business and desires shall point you,– For every man hath business and desire,
Such as it is;–and for my own poor part, Look you, I’ll go pray.
Hor.
These are but wild and whirling words, my lord.
Ham.
I’m sorry they offend you, heartily; Yes, faith, heartily.
Hor.
There’s no offence, my lord.
Ham.
Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, Horatio, And much offence too. Touching this vision here,– It is an honest ghost, that let me tell you: For your desire to know what is between us, O’ermaster’t as you may. And now, good friends, As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers, Give me one poor request.
Hor.
What is’t, my lord? we will.
Ham.
Never make known what you have seen to-night.
Hor. and Mar.
My lord, we will not.
Ham.
Nay, but swear’t.
Hor.
In faith,
My lord, not I.
Mar.
Nor I, my lord, in faith.
Ham.
Upon my sword.
Mar.
We have sworn, my lord, already.
Ham.
Indeed, upon my sword, indeed.
Ghost.
[Beneath.] Swear.
Ham.
Ha, ha boy! say’st thou so? art thou there, truepenny?– Come on!–you hear this fellow in the cellarage,– Consent to swear.
Hor.
Propose the oath, my lord.
Ham.
Never to speak of this that you have seen, Swear by my sword.
Ghost.
[Beneath.] Swear.
Ham.
Hic et ubique? then we’ll shift our ground.– Come hither, gentlemen,
And lay your hands again upon my sword: Never to speak of this that you have heard, Swear by my sword.
Ghost.
[Beneath.] Swear.
Ham.
Well said, old mole! canst work i’ the earth so fast? A worthy pioner!–Once more remove, good friends.
Hor.
O day and night, but this is wondrous strange!
Ham.
And therefore as a stranger give it welcome. There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.
But come;–
Here, as before, never, so help you mercy, How strange or odd soe’er I bear myself,– As I, perchance, hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition on,–
That you, at such times seeing me, never shall, With arms encumber’d thus, or this head-shake, Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase, As ‘Well, well, we know’; or ‘We could, an if we would’;– Or ‘If we list to speak’; or ‘There be, an if they might’;– Or such ambiguous giving out, to note
That you know aught of me:–this is not to do, So grace and mercy at your most need help you, Swear.
Ghost.
[Beneath.] Swear.
Ham.
Rest, rest, perturbed spirit!–So, gentlemen, With all my love I do commend me to you: And what so poor a man as Hamlet is
May do, to express his love and friending to you, God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together; And still your fingers on your lips, I pray. The time is out of joint:–O cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right!–
Nay, come, let’s go together.
[Exeunt.]
Act II.
Scene I. A room in Polonius’s house.
[Enter Polonius and Reynaldo.]
Pol.
Give him this money and these notes, Reynaldo.
Rey.
I will, my lord.
Pol.
You shall do marvellous wisely, good Reynaldo, Before You visit him, to make inquiry
Of his behaviour.
Rey.
My lord, I did intend it.
Pol.
Marry, well said; very well said. Look you, sir, Enquire me first what Danskers are in Paris; And how, and who, what means, and where they keep, What company, at what expense; and finding, By this encompassment and drift of question, That they do know my son, come you more nearer Than your particular demands will touch it: Take you, as ’twere, some distant knowledge of him; As thus, ‘I know his father and his friends, And in part hi;m;–do you mark this, Reynaldo?
Rey.
Ay, very well, my lord.
Pol.
‘And in part him;–but,’ you may say, ‘not well: But if’t be he I mean, he’s very wild;
Addicted so and so;’ and there put on him What forgeries you please; marry, none so rank As may dishonour him; take heed of that; But, sir, such wanton, wild, and usual slips As are companions noted and most known
To youth and liberty.
Rey.
As gaming, my lord.
Pol.
Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing, quarrelling, Drabbing:–you may go so far.
Rey.
My lord, that would dishonour him.
Pol.
Faith, no; as you may season it in the charge. You must not put another scandal on him, That he is open to incontinency;
That’s not my meaning: but breathe his faults so quaintly That they may seem the taints of liberty; The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind;
A savageness in unreclaimed blood,
Of general assault.
Rey.
But, my good lord,–
Pol.
Wherefore should you do this?
Rey.
Ay, my lord,
I would know that.
Pol.
Marry, sir, here’s my drift;
And I believe it is a fetch of warrant: You laying these slight sullies on my son As ’twere a thing a little soil’d i’ the working, Mark you,
Your party in converse, him you would sound, Having ever seen in the prenominate crimes The youth you breathe of guilty, be assur’d He closes with you in this consequence;
‘Good sir,’ or so; or ‘friend,’ or ‘gentleman’– According to the phrase or the addition
Of man and country.
Rey.
Very good, my lord.
Pol.
And then, sir, does he this,–he does–What was I about to say?– By the mass, I was about to say something:–Where did I leave?
Rey.
At ‘closes in the consequence,’ at ‘friend or so,’ and gentleman.’
Pol.
At–closes in the consequence’–ay, marry! He closes with you thus:–‘I know the gentleman; I saw him yesterday, or t’other day,
Or then, or then; with such, or such; and, as you say, There was he gaming; there o’ertook in’s rouse; There falling out at tennis’: or perchance, ‘I saw him enter such a house of sale,’– Videlicet, a brothel,–or so forth.–
See you now;
Your bait of falsehood takes this carp of truth: And thus do we of wisdom and of reach,
With windlaces, and with assays of bias, By indirections find directions out:
So, by my former lecture and advice, Shall you my son. You have me, have you not?
Rey.
My lord, I have.
Pol.
God b’ wi’ you, fare you well.
Rey.
Good my lord!
Pol.
Observe his inclination in yourself.
Rey.
I shall, my lord.
Pol.
And let him ply his music.
Rey.
Well, my lord.
Pol.
Farewell!
[Exit Reynaldo.]
[Enter Ophelia.]
How now, Ophelia! what’s the matter?
Oph.
Alas, my lord, I have been so affrighted!
Pol.
With what, i’ the name of God?
Oph.
My lord, as I was sewing in my chamber, Lord Hamlet,–with his doublet all unbrac’d; No hat upon his head; his stockings foul’d, Ungart’red, and down-gyved to his ankle; Pale as his shirt; his knees knocking each other; And with a look so piteous in purport
As if he had been loosed out of hell To speak of horrors,–he comes before me.
Pol.
Mad for thy love?
Oph.
My lord, I do not know;
But truly I do fear it.
Pol.
What said he?
Oph.
He took me by the wrist, and held me hard; Then goes he to the length of all his arm; And with his other hand thus o’er his brow, He falls to such perusal of my face
As he would draw it. Long stay’d he so; At last,–a little shaking of mine arm,
And thrice his head thus waving up and down,– He rais’d a sigh so piteous and profound As it did seem to shatter all his bulk
And end his being: that done, he lets me go: And, with his head over his shoulder turn’d He seem’d to find his way without his eyes; For out o’ doors he went without their help, And to the last bended their light on me.
Pol.
Come, go with me: I will go seek the king. This is the very ecstasy of love;
Whose violent property fordoes itself, And leads the will to desperate undertakings, As oft as any passion under heaven
That does afflict our natures. I am sorry,– What, have you given him any hard words of late?
Oph.
No, my good lord; but, as you did command, I did repel his letters and denied
His access to me.
Pol.
That hath made him mad.
I am sorry that with better heed and judgment I had not quoted him: I fear’d he did but trifle, And meant to wreck thee; but beshrew my jealousy! It seems it as proper to our age
To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions As it is common for the younger sort
To lack discretion. Come, go we to the king: This must be known; which, being kept close, might move More grief to hide than hate to utter love.
[Exeunt.]
Scene II. A room in the Castle.
[Enter King, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Attendants.]
King.
Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern! Moreover that we much did long to see you, The need we have to use you did provoke
Our hasty sending. Something have you heard Of Hamlet’s transformation; so I call it, Since nor the exterior nor the inward man Resembles that it was. What it should be, More than his father’s death, that thus hath put him So much from the understanding of himself, I cannot dream of: I entreat you both
That, being of so young days brought up with him, And since so neighbour’d to his youth and humour, That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court Some little time: so by your companies
To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather, So much as from occasion you may glean,
Whether aught, to us unknown, afflicts him thus, That, open’d, lies within our remedy.
Queen.
Good gentlemen, he hath much talk’d of you, And sure I am two men there are not living To whom he more adheres. If it will please you To show us so much gentry and good-will
As to expend your time with us awhile, For the supply and profit of our hope,
Your visitation shall receive such thanks As fits a king’s remembrance.
Ros.
Both your majesties
Might, by the sovereign power you have of us, Put your dread pleasures more into command Than to entreaty.
Guil.
We both obey,
And here give up ourselves, in the full bent, To lay our service freely at your feet,
To be commanded.
King.
Thanks, Rosencrantz and gentle Guildenstern.
Queen.
Thanks, Guildenstern and gentle Rosencrantz: And I beseech you instantly to visit
My too-much-changed son.–Go, some of you, And bring these gentlemen where Hamlet is.
Guil.
Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him!
Queen.
Ay, amen!
[Exeunt Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and some Attendants].
[Enter Polonius.]
Pol.
Th’ ambassadors from Norway, my good lord, Are joyfully return’d.
King.
Thou still hast been the father of good news.
Pol.
Have I, my lord? Assure you, my good liege, I hold my duty, as I hold my soul,
Both to my God and to my gracious king: And I do think,–or else this brain of mine Hunts not the trail of policy so sure
As it hath us’d to do,–that I have found The very cause of Hamlet’s lunacy.
King.
O, speak of that; that do I long to hear.
Pol.
Give first admittance to the ambassadors; My news shall be the fruit to that great feast.
King.
Thyself do grace to them, and bring them in.
[Exit Polonius.]
He tells me, my sweet queen, he hath found The head and source of all your son’s distemper.
Queen.
I doubt it is no other but the main,– His father’s death and our o’erhasty marriage.
King.
Well, we shall sift him.
[Enter Polonius, with Voltimand and Cornelius.]
Welcome, my good friends!
Say, Voltimand, what from our brother Norway?
Volt.
Most fair return of greetings and desires. Upon our first, he sent out to suppress
His nephew’s levies; which to him appear’d To be a preparation ‘gainst the Polack;
But, better look’d into, he truly found It was against your highness; whereat griev’d,– That so his sickness, age, and impotence Was falsely borne in hand,–sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys; Receives rebuke from Norway; and, in fine, Makes vow before his uncle never more
To give th’ assay of arms against your majesty. Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy,
Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee; And his commission to employ those soldiers, So levied as before, against the Polack: With an entreaty, herein further shown,
[Gives a paper.]
That it might please you to give quiet pass Through your dominions for this enterprise, On such regards of safety and allowance
As therein are set down.
King.
It likes us well;
And at our more consider’d time we’ll read, Answer, and think upon this business.
Meantime we thank you for your well-took labour: Go to your rest; at night we’ll feast together: Most welcome home!
[Exeunt Voltimand and Cornelius.]
Pol.
This business is well ended.–
My liege, and madam,–to expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is,
Why day is day, night is night, and time is time. Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time. Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit, And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes, I will be brief:–your noble son is mad: Mad call I it; for to define true madness, What is’t but to be nothing else but mad? But let that go.
Queen.
More matter, with less art.
Pol.
Madam, I swear I use no art at all. That he is mad, ’tis true: ’tis true ’tis pity; And pity ’tis ’tis true: a foolish figure; But farewell it, for I will use no art.
Mad let us grant him then: and now remains That we find out the cause of this effect; Or rather say, the cause of this defect, For this effect defective comes by cause: Thus it remains, and the remainder thus. Perpend.
I have a daughter,–have whilst she is mine,– Who, in her duty and obedience, mark,
Hath given me this: now gather, and surmise. [Reads.]
‘To the celestial, and my soul’s idol, the most beautified Ophelia,’–
That’s an ill phrase, a vile phrase; ‘beautified’ is a vile phrase: but you shall hear. Thus:
[Reads.]
‘In her excellent white bosom, these, &c.’
Queen.
Came this from Hamlet to her?
Pol.
Good madam, stay awhile; I will be faithful. [Reads.]
‘Doubt thou the stars are fire;
Doubt that the sun doth move;
Doubt truth to be a liar;
But never doubt I love.
‘O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers; I have not art to reckon my groans: but that I love thee best, O most best, believe it. Adieu.
‘Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst this machine is to him, HAMLET.’
This, in obedience, hath my daughter show’d me; And more above, hath his solicitings,
As they fell out by time, by means, and place, All given to mine ear.
King.
But how hath she
Receiv’d his love?
Pol.
What do you think of me?
King.
As of a man faithful and honourable.