Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
————————————————————————- _#_International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
established–7 December 1944, effective 4 April 1947;
aim–UN specialized agency to promote international cooperation in civil aviation;
members–(161) all UN members except Albania, Belize, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Dominica, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Western Samoa; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga
————————————————————————- _#_International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
established–NA 1863;
aim–to provide humanitarian aid in wartime;
members–(25 individuals) all Swiss nationals ————————————————————————- _#_International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
established–NA December 1949;
aim–to promote the trade union movement;
members–(142 national organizations in the following 95 areas) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, USSR, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Western Samoa ————————————————————————- _#_International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court;
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–primary judicial organ of the UN;
members–(15 judges) elected by the General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems ————————————————————————- _#_International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
established–13 June 1956;
aim–to promote international cooperation between criminal police authorities;
members–(151) Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_International Development Association (IDA)
established–26 January 1960, effective 24 September 1960;
aim–UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic loans for low income countries;
members–(136);
Part I–(22 more economically advanced countries) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, UAE, UK, US;
Part II–(114 less developed nations) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_International Energy Agency (IEA)
established–15 November 1974;
aim–established by the OECD to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers;
members–(21) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US ————————————————————————- _#_International Finance Corporation (IFC)
established–25 May 1955, effective 20 July 1956;
aim–UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that helps private enterprise sector in economic development;
members–(133) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
established–NA November 1974;
aim–UN specialized agency that promotes agricultural development;
members–(144);
Category I–(21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US;
Category II–(12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela;
Category III–(111 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_International Investment Bank (IIB)
established–7 July 1970;
aim–to promote economic development;
members–(9) Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam
————————————————————————- _#_International Labor Organization (ILO)
established–11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946);
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues;
members–(148) all UN members except Albania, Bhutan, Brunei, The Gambia, Liechtenstein, Maldives, Oman, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa; other members are San Marino, Switzerland ————————————————————————- _#_International Maritime Organization (IMO)–name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982;
established–17 March 1958;
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with world maritime affairs;
members–(132) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire;
associate member–(1) Hong Kong
————————————————————————- _#_International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
established–3 September 1976, effective 26 July 1979;
aim–to provide worldwide communications for maritime and other applications;
members–(55) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR ————————————————————————- _#_International Monetary Fund (IMF)
established–22 July 1944, effective 27 December 1945;
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with world monetary stability and economic development;
members–(154) all UN members except Albania, Brunei, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cuba, Liechtenstein, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR; other members are Kiribati, South Korea, Tonga
————————————————————————- _#_International Olympic Committee (IOC)
established–23 June 1894;
aim–to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games:
1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France (8-23 February);
1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain (25 July-9 August);
1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway (12-27 February);
1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August):
1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA);
members–(165) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_International Organization for Migration (IOM)–established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) on NA November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989;
established–5 December 1951;
aim–to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration;
members–(35) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, US, Uruguay, Venezuela;
observers–(22) Belize, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Japan, Mexico, NZ, San Marino, Somalia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Vatican City, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
established–NA February 1947;
aim–to promote the development of international standards;
members–(72 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, USSR, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia;
correspondent members–(14) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Guinea, Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Malawi, Mauritius, Oman, Senegal, UAE, Uruguay
————————————————————————- _#_International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
established–NA 1928;
aim–to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) in peacetime;
members–(9) 2 representatives from ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5 from national societies elected by the international conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ————————————————————————- _#_International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
established–9 December 1932, effective 1 January 1934, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947;
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with world telecommunications;
members–(164) all UN members except Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Seychelles; other members are Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Vatican City
————————————————————————- _#_International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)
established–20 August 1971, effective 12 February 1973;
aim–to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications satellite system;
members–(118) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
established–15 December 1973;
aim–to promote Islamic economic aid and social development;
members–(43 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ————————————————————————- _#_Latin American Economic System (LAES), also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA);
established–17 October 1975;
aim–to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation;
members–(26) Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela ————————————————————————- _#_Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI);
established–12 August 1980, effective 18 March 1981;
aim–to promote freer regional trade;
members–(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela;
observers–(13) Andean Group, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization of American States, Panama, Portugal, Spain, UN Development Program, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ————————————————————————- _#_League of Arab States (LAS)–see Arab League (AL) ————————————————————————- _#_League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)
established–5 May 1919;
aim–to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime;
members–(147) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
associate members–(2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon ————————————————————————- _#_least developed countries (LLDCs)–that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GNPs/GDPs normally less than $500, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries;
the 41 LLDCs are–Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen
————————————————————————- _#_less developed countries (LDCs)–the bottom group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries with low levels of output, living standards, and technology; per capita GNPs/GDPs are generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,000; includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries;
the 173 LDCs are–Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_low-income countries–another term for the less developed countries with below-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
————————————————————————- _#_middle-income countries–another term for the less developed countries with above-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
————————————————————————- _#_newly industrializing countries (NICs)–former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) ————————————————————————- _#_newly industrializing economies (NIEs)–that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan) plus Brazil and Mexico ————————————————————————- _#_Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
established–1-6 September 1961;
aim–political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs;
members–(102 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization;
observers–(9) Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Uruguay;
guests–(11) Australia, Austria, Dominican Republic, Finland, Greece, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland ————————————————————————- _#_Nordic Council (NC)
established–16 March 1952, effective 12 February 1953;
aim–to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation;
members–(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note–Denmark includes Faroe Islands and Greenland ————————————————————————- _#_Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
established–4 December 1975, effective 1 June 1976;
aim–to promote economic cooperation and development;
members–(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden ————————————————————————- _#_North–a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs) ————————————————————————- _#_North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
established–17 September 1949;
aim–mutual defense and cooperation in other areas;
members–(16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US
————————————————————————- _#_Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
established–NA 1958;
aim–associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy;
members–(23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
————————————————————————- _#_Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)–see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) ————————————————————————- _#_Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
established–14 December 1960, effective 30 September 1961;
aim–to promote economic cooperation and development;
members–(24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US;
special member–(1) Yugoslavia
————————————————————————- _#_Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established–25 May 1963;
aim–to promote unity and cooperation among African states;
members–(51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_Organization of American States (OAS)
established–30 April 1948, effective 13 December 1951;
aim–to promote peace and security as well as economic and social development;
members–(35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela;
observers–(22) Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, EC, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Vatican City
————————————————————————- _#_Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
established–9 January 1968;
aim–to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry;
members–(10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
————————————————————————- _#_Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
established–18 June 1981, effective 4 July 1981;
aim–to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation;
members–(7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;
associate member–(1) British Virgin Islands ————————————————————————- _#_Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
established–14 September 1960;
aim–to coordinate petroleum policies;
members–(13) Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela ————————————————————————- _#_Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
established–22-25 September 1969;
aim–to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs;
members–(44 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization; note–Afghanistan was suspended in January 1980, but in March 1989 the self-proclaimed Afghan Interim Government based in Pakistan was given membership;
observer–(1) Turkish-Cypriot administered area of Cyprus ————————————————————————- _#_Paris Club–see Group of 10
————————————————————————- _#_Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
established–NA 1899;
aim–to facilitate the settlement of international disputes;
members–(75) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_Population Commission
established–3 October 1946;
aim–ECOSOC organization dealing with population matters;
members–(27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_Rio Group (RG)
established–NA 1988;
aim–a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues;
members–(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note–Panama was expelled in 1988
————————————————————————- _#_Second World–another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; see centrally planned economies ————————————————————————- _#_socialist countries–in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note–the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries ————————————————————————- _#_South–a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs) ————————————————————————- _#_South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established–8 December 1985;
aim–to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation;
members–(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
————————————————————————- _#_South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established–6 February 1947, effective 29 July 1948;
aim–to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters;
members–(27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa ————————————————————————- _#_South Pacific Forum (SPF)
established–5 August 1971;
aim–to promote regional cooperation in political matters;
members–(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa;
observer–(1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) ————————————————————————- _#_Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
established–11 December 1969;
aim–to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters;
members–(9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda ————————————————————————- _#_Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)
established–1 April 1980;
aim–to promote regional economic development and reduce dependence on South Africa;
members–(10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe ————————————————————————- _#_Statistical Commission
established–21 June 1946;
aim–ECOSOC organization dealing with development and standardization of national statistics;
members–(24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_Third World–another term for the less developed countries; see less developed countries (LDCs)
————————————————————————- _#_underdeveloped countries–refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)
————————————————————————- _#_undeveloped countries–refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)
————————————————————————- _#_Union Douaniere et Economique de l’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)–see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations (UN)
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–to maintain international peace and security as well as promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems;
members–(159) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
note–all UN members are represented in the General Assembly;
observers–(4) Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM)
established–20 December 1988;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola;
members–(10) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Czechoslovakia, India, Jordan, Norway, Spain, Yugoslavia ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS or Habitat)
established–12 October 1978;
aim–to assist in solving human settlement problems;
members–(88) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)–acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children’s Emergency Fund;
established–11 December 1946;
aim–to help establish child health and welfare services;
members–(41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
established–30 December 1964;
aim–to promote international trade;
members–(166) all UN members plus North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Vatican City ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
established–22 November 1965;
aim–to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development;
members–(48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
established–31 May 1974;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire;
members–(4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
established–16 November 1945, effective 4 November 1946;
aim–to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture;
members–(159) all UN members except Brunei, Liechtenstein, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, UK, US, Vanuatu; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga;
associate members–(3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established–15 December 1972;
aim–to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters;
members–(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
established–4 March 1964;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to serve as a peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus;
members–(8) Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, UK
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations General Assembly
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–primary deliberative organ in the UN;
members–(159) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
established–17 November 1966, effective 1 January 1967;
aim–UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members;
members–(150) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Chad, Djibouti, Iceland, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Western Samoa; other members are North Korea, South Korea, Switzerland, Tonga ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
established–19 March 1978;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon;
members–(9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway, Sweden
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)
established–9 August 1988;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1988 Iran-Iraq ceasefire;
members–(26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Poland, Senegal, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zambia
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
established–13 August 1948;
aim–established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire;
members–(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
established–3 December 1949, effective 1 January 1951;
aim–to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems;
members–(43) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Vatican City, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)–acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities;
established–NA July 1967;
aim–to promote assistance in dealing with population problems;
members–(48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
established–8 December 1949;
aim–to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees;
members–(10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Secretariat
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–primary administrative organ of the UN;
members–Secretary General appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council ————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Security Council
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–to maintain international peace and security;
permanent members–(5) China, France, UK, US, USSR;
nonpermanent members–(10) elected for two year terms by the UN General Assembly; Austria (1991-92), Belgium (1991-92), Cuba (1990-91), Ecuador (1991-92), India (1991-92), Ivory Coast (1990-91), Romania (1990-91), Yemen (1990-91), Zaire (1990-91), Zimbabwe (1991-92)
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
established–NA May 1948;
aim–initially established by the UN Security Council to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan;
members–(16) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Sweden, US, USSR
————————————————————————- _#_United Nations Trusteeship Council
established–26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;
aim–to supervise the administration of the UN trust territories; only one of the original 11 trusteeships remains–the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau);
members–(5) China, France, UK, US, USSR ————————————————————————- _#_Universal Postal Union (UPU)
established–9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947, effective 1 July 1948;
aim–UN specialized agency that promotes international postal cooperation;
members–(168) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda, Namibia, South Africa; other members are Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, Nauru, Netherlands Antilles, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK Overseas Territories, Vatican City ————————————————————————- _#_USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE)–the middle group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition; this group includes Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Yugoslavia
————————————————————————- _#_Warsaw Pact (WP)–was established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states–Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR–are now in the process of ratifying this agreement ————————————————————————- _#_West African Development Bank (WADB), also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD);
established–14 November 1973;
aim–to promote economic development and integration;
members–(7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo
————————————————————————- _#_West African Economic Community (CEAO)–acronym from Communaute Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest;
established–3 June 1972;
aim–to promote regional economic development;
members–(7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal;
observers–(2) Guinea, Togo
————————————————————————- _#_Western European Union (WEU)
established–23 October 1954, effective 6 May 1955;
aim–mutual defense and progressive political unification;
members–(9) Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
————————————————————————- _#_World Bank–see International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
————————————————————————- _#_World Confederation of Labor (WCL)
established–19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968;
aim–to promote the trade union movement;
members–(93 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_World Court–see International Court of Justice (ICJ) ————————————————————————- _#_World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
established–NA 1945;
aim–to promote the trade union movement;
members–(74 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Germany, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ————————————————————————- _#_World Food Council (WFC)
established–17 December 1974;
aim–ECOSOC organization that studies world food problems and recommends solutions;
members–(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_World Food Program (WFP)
established–24 November 1961;
aim–ECOSOC organization that provides food aid to assist in development or disaster relief;
members–(30) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ————————————————————————- _#_World Health Organization (WHO)
established–22 July 1946, effective 7 April 1948;
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with health matters;
members–(165) all UN members except Belize, Liechtenstein; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga
————————————————————————- _#_World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
established–14 July 1967, effective 26 April 1970;
aim–UN specialized agency concerned with the protection of literary, artistic, and scientific works;
members–(124) Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
————————————————————————- _#_World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
established–11 October 1947, effective 4 April 1951;
aim–specialized UN agency concerned with meteorological cooperation;
members–(159) all UN members except Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Western Samoa; South Africa is included although WMO membership is suspended; other members are British Caribbean Territories, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Switzerland ————————————————————————- _#_World Tourism Organization (WTO)
established–2 January 1975;
aim–promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace;
members–(104) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
associate members–(4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico;
permanent observer–(1) Vatican City
=========================================================================
Appendix D: Weights and Measures
Mathematical Notation
Mathematical Power Name
_________________________________________________________________________ 10 +18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion 10 +15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion 10 +12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 10 +9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion 10 +6 or 1,000,000 one million
10 +3 or 1,000 one thousand 10 +2 or 100 one hundred
10 +1 or 10 ten
10 +0 or 1 one
10 -1 or 0.1 one tenth
10 -2 or 0.01 one hundredth 10 -3 or 0.001 one thousandth
10 -6 or 0.000 001 one millionth 10 -9 or 0.000 000 001 one billionth 10 -12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one trillionth 10 -15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one quadrillionth 10 -18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one quintillionth =========================================================================
Metric Interrelationships
Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers)
_________________________________________________________________________ Length,
weight,
Prefix Symbol capacity Area Volume ————————————————————————- exa E 10 +18 10 +36 10 +54
peta P 10 +15 10 +30 10 +45 tera T 10 +12 10 +24 10 +36
giga G 10 +9 10 +18 10 +27 mega M 10 +6 10 +12 10 +18
hectokilo hk 10 +5 10 +10 10 +15 myria ma 10 +4 10 +8 10 +12
kilo k 10 +3 10 +6 10 +9 hecto h 10 +2 10 +4 10 +6
deka da 10 +1 10 +2 10 +3 basic unit – 1 meter, 1 meter2 1 meter3 1 gram,
1 liter
deci d 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 centi c 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6
milli m 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 decimilli dm 10 -4 10 -8 10 -12 centimilli cm 10 -5 10 -10 10 -15 micro u 10 -6 10 -12 10 -18
nano n 10 -9 10 -18 10 -27 pico p 10 -12 10 -24 10 -36
femto f 10 -15 10 -30 10 -45 atto a 10 -18 10 -36 10 -54
========================================================================
EQUIVALENTS
The exponents 2 and 3 are used for square and cubic, respectively.
Unit Metric Equivalent US Equivalent _________________________________________________________________________
acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet2 acre 4,046,856 4 meters2 4,840 yards2 acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles2, kilometers2 statute
are 100 meters2 119.599 yards2 barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons (proof spirits, US) 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons (beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms chain (surveyor’s) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters3 128 feet3 cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US) degrees, celsius (water boils at 100 multiply by 1.8 and add degrees C, freezes at 32 to obtain degrees F 0 degrees C)
degrees, fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide (water boils at 212 by 1.8 to obtain degrees F, freezes at degrees C 32 degrees F) dram, avoirdupois 1.771 845 2 grams 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles, statute foot2 929.030 4 centimeters2 144 inches2 foot 2 0.092 903 04 meters2 0.111 111 1 yards2 foot3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons foot3 0.028 316 847 meters3 1,728 inches3 furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces, advp. gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces, advp. hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches hectare 10,000 meters2 2.471 053 8 acres hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avoirdupois hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avoirdupois inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet inch2 6.451 6 centimeters2 0.006 944 44 feet2 inch3 16.387 064 centimeters3 0.000 578 7 feet3 inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds, avoirdupois kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles, statute kilometer2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres kilometer2 1,000,000 meters2 0.386 102 16 miles2, statute knot (1 nautical mi/hr) 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour league, nautical 5.559 552 kilometers 3 miles, nautical league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute link (surveyor’s) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches liter 0.001 meters3 61.023 74 inches3 liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards meter2 10,000 centimeters2 1.195 990 yards2 meter3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards3 micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles, statute mile2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers2 1.325 miles2, statute mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs mile2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section mile2, statute 2.589 988 11 kilometers2 0.755 miles2, nautical minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid ounce, avoirdupois 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches pound, avoirdupois 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avourdupois pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp. rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers2 1 mile2, statute or 640 acres span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches stere 1 meter3 1.307 95 yards3 tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons ton, long or deadweight 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 32,150.75 ounces, troy ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters3 100 feet3 ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avoirdupois township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers2 36 miles2, statute yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet yard2 0.836 127 36 meters2 9 feet2 yard3 0.764 554 86 meters3 27 feet3 yard3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons =========================================================================
Appendix E: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
This list indicates where various names including all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are not necessarily those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses; additional information is included in brackets.
Name Entry in The World Factbook
Abidjan [US Embassy] Ivory Coast Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] United Arab Emirates Acapulco [US Consular Agency] Mexico
Accra [US Embassy] Ghana
Adana [US Consulate] Turkey
Addis Ababa [US Embassy] Ethiopia Adelaide [US Consular Agency] Australia Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) Antarctica [claimed by France]
Aden Yemen
Aden, Gulf of Indian Ocean Admiralty Islands Papua New Guinea Adriatic Sea Atlantic Ocean
Aegean Islands Greece
Aegean Sea Atlantic Ocean Afars and Issas, French Djibouti
Territory of the (F.T.A.I.)
Agalega Islands Mauritius
Aland Islands Finland
Alaska United States
Alaska, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Aldabra Islands Seychelles
Alderney Guernsey
Aleutian Islands United States Alexander Island Antarctica
Alexandria [US Consulate General] Egypt Algiers [US Embassy] Algeria
Alhucemas, Penon de Spain
Alphonse Island Seychelles Amami Strait Pacific Ocean
Amindivi Islands India
Amirante Isles Seychelles
Amman [US Embassy] Jordan
Amsterdam [US Consulate General] Netherlands Amsterdam Island French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Ile Amsterdam)
Amundsen Sea Pacific Ocean Amur China; Soviet Union
Andaman Islands India
Andaman Sea Indian Ocean Anegada Passage Atlantic Ocean
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan
Anjouan Comoros
Ankara [US Embassy] Turkey
Annobon Equatorial Guinea Antananarivo [US Embassy] Madagascar Antipodes Islands New Zealand
Antwerp [US Consulate General] Belgium Aozou Strip [claimed by Libya] Chad
Aqaba, Gulf of Indian Ocean Arabian Sea Indian Ocean
Arafura Sea Pacific Ocean Argun China; Soviet Union
Ascension Island Saint Helena Assumption Island Seychelles
Asuncion [US Embassy] Paraguay Asuncion Island Northern Mariana Islands Atacama Chile
Athens [US Embassy] Greece
Attu United States
Auckland [US Consulate General] New Zealand Auckland Islands New Zealand
Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) French Polynesia Axel Heiberg Island Canada
Azores Portugal
Azov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean
Bab el Mandeb Indian Ocean
Babuyan Channel Pacific Ocean Babuyan Islands Philippines
Baffin Bay Arctic Ocean
Baffin Island Canada
Baghdad [US Embassy] Iraq
Balabac Strait Pacific Ocean Balearic Islands Spain
Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic Ocean Bali [US Consular Agency] Indonesia
Bali Sea Indian Ocean
Balintang Channel Pacific Ocean Balintang Islands Philippines
Balleny Islands Antarctica Balochistan Pakistan
Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean Bamako [US Embassy] Mali
Banaba (Ocean Island) Kiribati Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] Brunei
Banda Sea Pacific Ocean Bangkok [US Embassy] Thailand
Bangui [US Embassy] Central African Republic Banjul [US Embassy] Gambia, The
Banks Island Canada
Banks Islands (Iles Banks) Vanuatu Barcelona [US Consulate General] Spain
Barents Sea Arctic Ocean Barranquilla [US Consulate] Colombia
Bashi Channel Pacific Ocean Basilan Strait Pacific Ocean
Bass Strait Indian Ocean Batan Islands Philippines
Bavaria (Bayern) Germany
Beagle Channel Atlantic Ocean Bear Island (Bjornoya) Svalbard
Beaufort Sea Arctic Ocean Bechuanaland Botswana
Beijing [US Embassy] China
Beirut [US Embassy] Lebanon
Belau Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the (Palau)
Belem [US Consular Agency] Brazil Belep Islands (Iles Belep) New Caledonia Belfast [US Consulate General] United Kingdom Belgian Congo Zaire
Belgrade [US Embassy] Yugoslavia Belize City [US Embassy] Belize
Belle Isle, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Bellinghausen Sea Pacific Ocean
Belmopan Belize
Bengal, Bay of Indian Ocean Bering Sea Pacific Ocean
Bering Strait Pacific Ocean Berkner Island Antarctica
Berlin [US Branch Office] Germany Berlin, East Germany
Berlin, West Germany
Bern [US Embassy] Switzerland Bessarabia Romania; Soviet Union Bijagos, Arquipelago dos Guinea-Bissau Bikini Atoll Marshall Islands
Bilbao [US Consulate] Spain
Bioko Equatorial Guinea Biscay, Bay of Atlantic Ocean
Bishop Rock United Kingdom Bismarck Archipelago Papua New Guinea Bismarck Sea Pacific Ocean
Bissau [US Embassy] Guinea-Bissau Bjornoya (Bear Island) Svalbard
Black Rock Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Black Sea Atlantic Ocean
Boa Vista Cape Verde
Bogota [US Embassy] Colombia Bombay [US Consulate General] India
Bonaire Netherlands Antilles Bonifacio, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Bonin Islands Japan
Bonn [US Embassy] Germany
Bophuthatswana South Africa Bora-Bora French Polynesia
Bordeaux [US Consulate General] France Borneo Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia Bornholm Denmark
Bosporus Atlantic Ocean Bothnia, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean
Bougainville Island Papua New Guinea Bougainville Strait Pacific Ocean Bounty Islands New Zealand
Brasilia [US Embassy] Brazil
Brazzaville [US Embassy] Congo
Bridgetown [US Embassy] Barbados Brisbane [US Consulate] Australia
British East Africa Kenya
British Guiana Guyana
British Honduras Belize
British Solomon Islands Solomon Islands British Somaliland Somalia
Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission Belgium to European Communities, US
Mission to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (USNATO)]
Bucharest [US Embassy] Romania Budapest [US Embassy] Hungary
Buenos Aires [US Embassy] Argentina Bujumbura [US Embassy] Burundi
Cabinda Angola
Cabot Strait Atlantic Ocean Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Cairo [US Embassy] Egypt
Calcutta [US Consulate General] India Calgary [US Consulate General] Canada
California, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Campbell Island New Zealand
Canal Zone Panama
Canary Islands Spain
Canberra [US Embassy] Australia Cancun [US Consular Agency] Mexico
Canton (Guangzhou) China
Canton Island Kiribati
Cape Town [US Consulate General] South Africa Caracas [US Embassy] Venezuela
Cargados Carajos Shoals Mauritius Caroline Islands Micronesia, Federated States of; Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean
Carpentaria, Gulf of Pacific Ocean Casablanca [US Consulate General] Morocco Cato Island Australia
Cebu [US Consulate] Philippines Celebes Indonesia
Celebes Sea Pacific Ocean Celtic Sea Atlantic Ocean
Central African Empire Central African Republic Ceuta Spain
Ceylon Sri Lanka
Chafarinas, Islas Spain
Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) British Indian Ocean Territory Channel Islands Guernsey; Jersey Chatham Islands New Zealand
Cheju-do Korea, South
Cheju Strait Pacific Ocean Chengdu [US Consulate General] China
Chesterfield Islands New Caledonia (Iles Chesterfield)
Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] Thailand Chihli, Gulf of (Bo Hai) Pacific Ocean China, People’s Republic of China
China, Republic of Taiwan
Choiseul Solomon Islands Christchurch [US Consular Agency] New Zealand Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] Australia Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] Kiribati (Kiritimati)
Chukchi Sea Arctic Ocean Ciskei South Africa
Ciudad Juarez [US Consulate Mexico General]
Cochabamba [US Consular Agency] Bolivia Coco, Isla del Costa Rica
Cocos Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombo [US Embassy] Sri Lanka
Colon [US Consular Agency] Panama Colon, Archipielago de Ecuador
(Galapagos Islands)
Commander Islands Soviet Union (Komandorskiye Ostrova)
Conakry [US Embassy] Guinea
Congo (Brazzaville) Congo
Congo (Kinshasa) Zaire
Congo (Leopoldville) Zaire
Con Son Islands Vietnam
Cook Strait Pacific Ocean Copenhagen [US Embassy] Denmark
Coral Sea Pacific Ocean Corn Islands (Islas del Maiz) Nicaragua Corsica France
Cosmoledo Group Seychelles Cote d’Ivoire Ivory Coast
Cotonou [US Embassy] Benin
Crete Greece
Crooked Island Passage Atlantic Ocean Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet) French Southern and Antarctic Lands Curacao [US Consulate General] Netherlands Antilles Cusco [US Consular Agency] Peru
Dahomey Benin
Daito Islands Japan
Dakar [US Embassy] Senegal
Daman (Damao) India
Damascus [US Embassy] Syria
Danger Atoll Cook Islands Danish Straits Atlantic Ocean
Danzig (Gdansk) Poland
Dao Bach Long Vi Vietnam
Dardanelles Atlantic Ocean Dar es Salaam [US Embassy] Tanzania
Davis Strait Atlantic Ocean Deception Island Antarctica
Denmark Strait Atlantic Ocean D’Entrecasteaux Islands Papua New Guinea Devon Island Canada
Dhahran [US Consulate General] Saudi Arabia Dhaka [US Embassy] Bangladesh
Diego Garcia British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Ramirez Chile
Diomede Islands Soviet Union [Big Diomede]; United States [Little Diomede]
Diu India
Djibouti [US Embassy] Djibouti Dodecanese Greece
Doha [US Embassy] Qatar
Douala [US Consulate General] Cameroon Dover, Strait of Atlantic Ocean
Drake Passage Atlantic Ocean Dubai [US Consulate General] United Arab Emirates Dublin [US Embassy] Ireland
Durango [US Consular Agency] Mexico Durban [US Consulate General] South Africa Dusseldorf [US Consulate General] Germany Dutch East Indies Indonesia
Dutch Guiana Suriname
East China Sea Pacific Ocean Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) Chile
Eastern Channel (East Korea Pacific Ocean Strait or Tsushima Strait)
East Germany (German Democratic Germany Republic)
East Korea Strait (Eastern Pacific Ocean Channel or Tsushima Strait)
East Pakistan Bangladesh
East Siberian Sea Arctic Ocean East Timor (Portuguese Timor) Indonesia Edinburgh [US Consulate General] United Kingdom Elba Italy
Ellef Ringnes Island Canada
Ellesmere Island Canada
Ellice Islands Tuvalu
Elobey, Islas de Equatorial Guinea Enderbury Island Kiribati
Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok Atoll) Marshall Islands England United Kingdom
English Channel Atlantic Ocean Eniwetok Atoll Marshall Islands Epirus, Northern Albania; Greece Eritrea Ethiopia
Essequibo [claimed by Venezuela] Guyana Estonia Soviet Union [de facto] Etorofu Soviet Union [de facto]
Farquhar Group Seychelles
Fernando de Noronha Brazil
Fernando Po (Bioko) Equatorial Guinea Finland, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean
Florence [US Consulate General] Italy Florida, Straits of Atlantic Ocean Formosa Taiwan
Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) Pacific Ocean Fort-de-France Martinique
[US Consulate General]
Frankfurt am Main Germany
[US Consulate General]
Franz Josef Land Soviet Union Freetown [US Embassy] Sierra Leone French Cameroon Cameroon
French Indochina Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam French Guinea Guinea
French Sudan Mali
French Territory of the Afars Djibouti and Issas (F.T.A.I.)
French Togo Togo
Friendly Islands Tonga
Fukuoka [US Consulate] Japan
Funchal [US Consular Agency] Portugal Fundy, Bay of Atlantic Ocean
Futuna Islands (Hoorn Islands) Wallis and Futuna
Gaborone [US Embassy] Botswana
Galapagos Islands (Archipi%elago Ecuador de Colon)
Galleons Passage Atlantic Ocean Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier) French Polynesia Gaspar Strait Indian Ocean
Geneva [Branch Office of the US Switzerland Embassy, US Mission to European
Office of the UN and Other
International Organizations]
Genoa [US Consulate General] Italy George Town [US Consular Agency] Cayman Islands Georgetown [US Embassy] Guyana
German Democratic Republic Germany (East Germany)
German Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
Gibraltar, Strait of Atlantic Ocean Gilbert Islands Kiribati
Goa India
Gold Coast Ghana
Golan Heights Syria
Good Hope, Cape of South Africa Goteborg [US Consulate General] Sweden
Gotland Sweden
Gough Island Saint Helena Grand Banks Atlantic Ocean
Grand Cayman Cayman Islands Grand Turk [US Consular Agency] Turks and Caicos Islands Great Australian Bight Indian Ocean Great Belt (Store Baelt) Atlantic Ocean Great Britain United Kingdom
Great Channel Indian Ocean Greater Sunda Islands Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia Green Islands Papua New Guinea Greenland Sea Arctic Ocean
Grenadines, Northern Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Grenadines, Southern Grenada
Guadalajara Mexico
[US Consulate General]
Guadalcanal Solomon Islands Guadalupe, Isla de Mexico
Guangzhou [US Consulate General] China Guantanamo [US Naval Base] Cuba
Guatemala [US Embassy] Guatemala Gubal, Strait of Indian Ocean
Guinea, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean Guayaquil [US Consulate General] Ecuador
Ha’apai Group Tonga
Habomai Islands Soviet Union [de facto] Hague,The [US Embassy] Netherlands
Haifa [US Consular Agency] Israel Hainan Dao China
Halifax [US Consulate General] Canada Halmahera Indonesia
Hamburg [US Consulate General] Germany Hamilton [US Consulate General] Bermuda Hanoi Vietnam
Harare [US Embassy] Zimbabwe Hatay Turkey
Havana [US post not maintained, Cuba representation by US Interests
Section (USINT) of the Swiss
Embassy]
Hawaii United States
Heard Island Heard Island and McDonald Islands Helsinki [US Embassy] Finland
Hermosillo [US Consulate] Mexico Hispaniola Dominican Republic; Haiti Hokkaido Japan
Holy See, The Vatican City Hong Kong [US Consulate General] Hong Kong Honiara [US Consulate] Solomon Islands Honshu Japan
Hormuz, Strait of Indian Ocean Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos) Chile
Horne, Iles de Wallis and Futuna Horn of Africa Ethiopia; Somalia Hudson Bay Arctic Ocean
Hudson Strait Arctic Ocean
Inaccessible Island Saint Helena Indochina Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) China
Ionian Islands Greece
Ionian Sea Atlantic Ocean Irian Jaya Indonesia
Irish Sea Atlantic Ocean Islamabad [US Embassy] Pakistan
Islas Malvinas Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Istanbul [US Consulate General] Turkey
Italian Somaliland Somalia
Iwo Jima Japan
Izmir [US Consulate General] Turkey
Jakarta [US Embassy] Indonesia
Japan, Sea of Pacific Ocean Java Indonesia
Java Sea Indian Ocean
Jeddah [US Consulate General] Saudi Arabia Jerusalem [US Consulate General] Israel; West Bank Johannesburg South Africa
[US Consulate General]
Juan de Fuca, Strait of Pacific Ocean Juan Fernandez, Isla de Chile
Juventud, Isla de la Cuba
(Isle of Youth)
Kabul [US Embassy now closed] Afghanistan Kaduna [US Consulate General] Nigeria
Kalimantan Indonesia
Kamchatka Peninsula Soviet Union (Poluostrov Kamchatka)
Kampala [US Embassy] Uganda
Kampuchea Cambodia
Karachi [US Consulate General] Pakistan Kara Sea Arctic Ocean
Karimata Strait Indian Ocean Kathmandu [US Embassy] Nepal
Kattegat Atlantic Ocean Kauai Channel Pacific Ocean
Keeling Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Kerguelen, Iles French Southern and Antarctic Lands Kermadec Islands New Zealand
Khabarovsk Soviet Union
Khartoum [US Embassy] Sudan
Khmer Republic Cambodia
Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee Kanal) Atlantic Ocean Khuriya Muriya Islands Oman
(Kuria Muria Islands)
Khyber Pass Pakistan
Kigali [US Embassy] Rwanda
Kingston [US Embassy] Jamaica Kinshasa [US Embassy] Zaire
Kiritimati (Christmas Island) Kiribati Kithira Strait Atlantic Ocean
Kodiak Island United States Kola Peninsula Soviet Union
(Kol’skiy Poluostrov)
Kolonia [US Special Office] Micronesia, Federated States of Korea Bay Pacific Ocean
Korea, Democratic People’s Korea, North