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Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa
Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory
Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,
Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint
Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US,
Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,
Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
established - NA November 1974
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes agricultural
development
members - (144) Category I - (21 industrialized aid contributors)
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
members - Category II - (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors)
Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
members - Category III - (111 aid recipients) Afghanistan,
Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya,
North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Investment Bank (IIB)
Note - established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic
development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now a
Russian bank with a new charter
International Labor Organization (ILO)
established - 11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December
1946)
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues
members - (150) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bhutan, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brunei, Croatia, Estonia, The
Gambia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federation of Micronesia, Moldova,
Oman, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
San Marino, Slovenia, South Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa; other member is
Switzerland
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Note - name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world maritime affairs
members - (135) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia,
Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco,
Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad
and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire
associate members - (2) Hong Kong, Macao
International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
established - 3 September 1976
aim - to provide worldwide communications for maritime and other
applications
members - (63) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belarus,
Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China,
Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France,
Gabon, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia,
Monaco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,
Yugoslavia
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world monetary
stability and economic development
members - (156) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brunei, Croatia, Cuba, Estonia,
Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Russia, San Marino, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan; other members are Kiribati and Tonga
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
aim - to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic
games: 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France (8-23
February); 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain (25 July-9
August); 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer; Norway (12-27
February); 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20
July-4 August); 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA)
members - (167) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa,
Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan,
Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal,
Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Organization for Migration (IOM) - established as
Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of
Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for
European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed
Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980;
current name adopted 14 November 1989
aim - to facilitate orderly international emigration and
immigration
members - (39) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh,
Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany,
Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Kenya, South Korea,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,
Thailand, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (25) Belize, Brazil, Cape Verde, Egypt, Finland,
France, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, NZ,
Pakistan, San Marino, Somalia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta,
Spain, Turkey, Uganda, UK, Vatican City, Vietnam, Yugoslavia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
established - NA February 1947
aim - to promote the development of international standards
members - (72 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North
Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,
Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
correspondent members - (14) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Guinea,
Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Malawi, Mauritius, Oman,
Senegal, UAE, Uruguay
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
aim - to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) in
peacetime
members - (9) 2 representatives from ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5
from national societies elected by the international conference
of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
affiliated with the UN - 15 November 1947
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world
telecommunications
members - (164) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia
and Hercegovina, Croatia, Dominica, Estonia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federation of
Micronesia, Moldova, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Seychelles, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; other
members are Kiribati, Monaco, Nauru, Switzerland, Tonga, Vatican
City
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
(INTELSAT)
aim - to develop and operate a global commercial
telecommunications satellite system
members - (118) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium,
Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa
Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore,
Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad
and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,
Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
established - 15 December 1973
aim - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development
members - (43 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei,
Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,
UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Latin American Economic System (LAES) - , also known as Sistema
Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)
aim - to promote economic and social development through regional
cooperation
members - (26) Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) - , also known as
Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
aim - to promote freer regional trade
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)
aim - to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime
members - (147) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao
Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,
Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
least developed countries (LLDCs)
Note - that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs)
initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having
no significant economic growth, per capita GNPs/GDPs normally
less than $500, and low literacy rates; also known as the
undeveloped countries. The 41 LLDCs are: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,
Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu,
Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen
less developed countries (LDCs)
Note - the bottom group in the comprehensive but mutually
exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former
USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed
countries (LDCs); mainly countries with low levels of output,
living standards, and technology; per capita GNPs/GDPs are
generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,000; however, the
group also includes a number of countries with high per capita
incomes, areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth;
includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries,
Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs),
low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly
industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World,
underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries. The 173 LDCs
are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla,
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Falkland
Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The
Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North
Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle
of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia,
Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Pakistan, Panama, Papua
New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto
Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank,
Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Note - another term for those less developed countries with
below-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries
(LDCs)
Note - another term for those less developed countries with
above-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries
(LDCs)
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
aim - to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export
of key missile technologies and equipment
members - (20) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
newly industrializing countries (NICs)
Note - former term for the newly industrializing economies; see
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
Note - that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that
has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their
economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries
(NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually
includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore,
Taiwan) plus Brazil and Mexico
established - 1-6 September 1961
aim - political and military cooperation apart from the
traditional East or West blocs
members - (101 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti,
Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia,
Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea,
Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint
Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (9) Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Costa Rica,
Dominica, El Salvador, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Uruguay
guests - (11) Australia, Austria, Dominican Republic, Finland,
Greece, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental
cooperation
members - (5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note -
Denmark includes Faroe Islands and Greenland
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
Note - a popular term for the rich industrialized countries
generally located in the northern portion of the Northern
Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries
(DCs)
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) - an extension of NATO
aim - to form a forum to discuss cooperation concerning mutual
political and security issues
members - (35) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
established - 17 September 1949
aim - mutual defense and cooperation in other areas
members - (16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Turkey, UK, US
aim - associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy
members - (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Note - also known as the London Suppliers Group
aim - to establish guidelines on exports of enrichment and
processing plant assistance and nuclear exports to countries of
proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability
members - (27) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK, US
Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la
America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
Note - see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin
America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
established - 14 December 1960, effective 30 September 1961
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
special member - (1) Yugoslavia
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
aim - to promote unity and cooperation among African states
members - (50) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Organization of American States (OAS)
aim - to promote peace and security as well as economic and
social development
members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962),
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US,
Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (25) Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Cyprus, EC,
Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Guyana, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco, Netherlands,
Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Vatican
City
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry
members - (11) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, UAE
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation
members - (8) Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
established - 14 September 1960
aim - to coordinate petroleum policies
members - (13) Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
established - 22-25 September 1969
aim - to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic,
social, cultural, and political affairs
members - (47 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Afghanistan (suspended), Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros,
Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE,
Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
observer - (1) Turkish-Cypriot administered area of Cyprus
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes
members - (75) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,
Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon,
Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda,
Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe
aim - ECOSOC organization dealing with population matters
members - (27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
aim - a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note -
Panama was expelled in 1988
Note - another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states
with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the
Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned
economies
Note - in general, countries in which the government owns and
plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term
is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist
countries
Note - a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized
countries generally located south of the developed countries; the
counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social
matters
members - (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue,
Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
(Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands,
Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna,
Western Samoa
aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members - (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua
New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western
Samoa
observer - (1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
established - 11 December 1969
aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members - (9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia,
South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda
Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)
aim - to promote regional economic development and reduce
dependence on South Africa
members - (10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
aim - regional economic cooperation
members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
aim - ECOSOC organization dealing with development and
standardization of national statistics
members - (25) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Note - another term for the less developed countries; the term is
fading from use; see less developed countries (LDCs)
Note - refers to those less developed countries with the
potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed
countries (LDCs)
Note - refers to those extremely poor less developed countries
(LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least
developed countries (LLDCs)
Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)
Note - see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
aim - to maintain international peace and security as well as
promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and
humanitarian problems
members - (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia,
Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,
Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,
Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members
are represented in the General Assembly
observers - (3 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Monaco,
Switzerland, Vatican City, Palestine Liberation Organization
United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM)
established - 20 December 1988
aim - established by the UN Security Council to verify the
withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola
members - (10) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Czechoslovakia,
India, Jordan, Norway, Spain, Yugoslavia
United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS or Habitat)
aim - to assist in solving human settlement problems
members - (88) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN
International Children's Emergency Fund
established - 11 December 1946
aim - to help establish child health and welfare services
members - (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
established - 30 December 1964
aim - to promote international trade
members - (181) all UN members plus Monaco, Switzerland, Tonga,
Vatican City
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
established - 22 November 1965
aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and
social development
members - (48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973
Arab-Israeli ceasefire
members - (4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
established - 16 November 1945
aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members - (159) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia
and Hercegovina, Brunei, Croatia, Estonia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Singapore, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UK, US,
Uzbekistan, Vanuatu; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati,
Monaco, Switzerland, Tonga
associate members - (3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands,
Netherlands Antilles
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established - 15 December 1972
aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental
matters
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
aim - established by the UN Security Council to serve as a
peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in
Cyprus
members - (8) Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
Ireland, Sweden, UK
United Nations General Assembly
aim - primary deliberative organ in the UN
members - (178) all UN members are represented in the General
Assembly
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
established - 17 November 1966
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development
especially among the members
members - (150) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda,
Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brunei,
Burma, Cambodia, Chad, Croatia, Djibouti, Estonia, Iceland,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Western Samoa; other
members are Switzerland, Tonga
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
aim - established by the UN Security Council to confirm the
withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish
Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon
members - (9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy,
Nepal, Norway, Sweden
United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1988
Iran-Iraq ceasefire
members - (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada,
Denmark, Finland, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland,
Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Senegal,
Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zambia
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
(UNMOGIP)
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949
India-Pakistan ceasefire
members - (8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway,
Sweden, Uruguay
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
aim - to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and
find permanent solutions to refugee problems
members - (43) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria,
Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania,
Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Vatican City,
Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Note - acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for
Population Activities
aim - to promote assistance in dealing with population problems
members - (51) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in
the Near East (UNRWA)
aim - to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees
members - (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon,
Syria, Turkey, UK, US
aim - primary administrative organ of the UN
members - Secretary General appointed for a five-year term by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council
United Nations Security Council
aim - to maintain international peace and security
permanent members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US
nonpermanent members - (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN
General Assembly; Austria (1991-92), Belgium (1991-92), Cuba
(1990-91), Ecuador (1991-92), India (1991-92), Ivory Coast (1990-
91), Romania (1990-91), Yemen (1990-91), Zaire (1990-91),
Zimbabwe (1991-92)
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
aim - initially established by the UN Security Council to
supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently
extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and
Pakistan
members - (19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Chile, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, US
United Nations Trusteeship Council
aim - to supervise the administration of the UN trust
territories; only one of the original 11 trusteeships remains -
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US
established - 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November
1947
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes international postal
cooperation
members - (168) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Estonia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Namibia, Slovenia,
South Africa, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; other members
are Kiribati, Monaco, Nauru, Netherlands Antilles, Switzerland,
Tonga, Tuvalu, UK Overseas Territories, Vatican City
Note - was established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense;
members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states
were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the
USSR
West African Development Bank (WADB)
Note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement
(BOAD)
established - 14 November 1973
aim - to promote economic development and integration
members - (7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
Togo
West African Economic Community (CEAO)
Note - acronym from Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
aim - to promote regional economic development
members - (7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Senegal
aim - mutual defense and progressive political unification
members - (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
see International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD)
Note - includes International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA),
and International Finance Corporation (IFC)
World Confederation of Labor (WCL)
established - 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of
Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (96 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil,
Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France,
French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadaloupe,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius,
Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname,
Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US, Uruguay,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
see International Court of Justice (ICJ)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (67) Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Australia,
Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Cambodia,
Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, The Gambia,
Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, North Korea,
Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia,
Nepal, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire
established - 17 December 1974
aim - ECOSOC organization that studies world food problems and
recommends solutions
members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
established - 24 November 1961
aim - ECOSOC organization that provides food aid to assist in
development or disaster relief
members - (30) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
World Health Organization (WHO)
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with health matters
members - (164) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belize, Bosnia and Hercegovina, China, Croatia, Estonia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova,
Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; other members are
Cook Islands, Kiribati, Monaco, Switzerland, Tonga
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with the protection of
literary, artistic, and scientific works
members - (125) Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,
US, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
aim - specialized UN agency concerned with meteorological
cooperation
members - (162) all UN members except Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bhutan, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Equatorial Guinea,
Estonia, Grenada, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Moldova, Namibia, Poland, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Western Samoa; South Africa is included although WMO
membership is suspended; other members are British Caribbean
Territories, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Slovenia, Netherlands
Antilles, New Caledonia, Switzerland
World Tourism Organization (WTO)
aim - promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic
development, international understanding, and peace
members - (102) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil,
Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal,
Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland,
Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, US, Uruguay,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles,
Puerto Rico
permanent observer - (1) Vatican City
aim - to establish guidelines for the export control provisions
of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
members - (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
Appendix D: Weights and Measures
Mathematical Notation
Mathematical Power Name
10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion
10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion
10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
10^9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion
10^6 or 1,000,000 one million
10^3 or 1,000 one thousand
10^2 or 100 one hundred
10^1 or 10 ten
10^0 or 1 one
10^-1 or 0.1 one tenth
10^-2 or 0.01 one hundredth
10^-3 or 0.001 one thousandth
10^-6 or 0.000 001 one millionth
10^-9 or 0.000 000 001 one billionth
10^-12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one trillionth
10^-15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one quadrillionth
10^-18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one quintillionth
Metric Interrelationships
Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters,
liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from
kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260
meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260
meters equals 9.26 kilometers)
Prefix Symbol Length, Area Volume
weight,
capacity
exa E 10^18 10^36 10^54
peta P 10^15 10^30 10^45
tera T 10^12 10^24 10^36
giga G 10^9 10^18 10^27
mega M 10^6 10^12 10^18
hectokilo hk 10^5 10^10 10^15
myria ma 10^4 10^8 10^12
kilo k 10^3 10^6 10^9
hecto h 10^2 10^4 10^6
basic unit - 1 meter, 1 meter^2 1 meter^3
1 gram,
1 liter
deci d 10^-1 10^-2 10^-3
centi c 10^-2 10^-4 10^-6
milli m 10^-3 10^-6 10^-9
decimilli dm 10^-4 10^-8 10^-12
centimilli cm 10^-5 10^-10 10^-15
micro u 10^-6 10^-12 10^-18
nano n 10^-9 10^-18 10^-27
pico p 10^-12 10^-24 10^-36
femto f 10^-15 10^-30 10^-45
atto a 10^-18 10^-36 10^-54
Unit Metric Equivalent US Equivalent
acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet^2
acre 4,046,856 4 meters^2 4,840 yards^2
acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles^2,
kilometers^2 statute
are 100 meters^2 119.599 yards^2
barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons
barrel (proof spirits, 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons
US)
barrel (beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons
bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks
cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms
chain (surveyor's) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet
cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters^3 128 feet^3
cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US)
degrees, celsius (water boils at 100. multiply by 1.8 and add
degrees C, freezes at 0. C) 32 to obtain .F
degrees, fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide by (water boils at 212 .F,
1.8 to obtain .C freezes at 32 .F)
dram, avoirdupois 1.771 845 2 grams 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois
dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy
dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid
fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet
foot 30.48 centimeters
foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards
foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles,
statute
foot^2 929.030 4 centimeters^2 144 inches^2
foot 2 0.092 903 04 meters^2 0.111 111 1 yards^2
foot^3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons
foot^3 0.028 316 847 meters^3 1,728 inches^3
furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards
gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid
gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid
grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces,
advp.
gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces,
advp.
hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches
hectare 10,000 meters^2 2.471 053 8 acres
hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avoirdupois
hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avoirdupois
inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet
inch2 6.451 6 centimeters^2 0.006 944 44 feet^2
inch3 16.387 064 centimeters^3 0.000 578 7 feet^3
inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry
inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid
kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds,
avoirdupois
kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles,
statute
kilometer^2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres
kilometer^2 1,000,000 meters^2 0.386 102 16 miles^2,
statute
knot (1 nautical 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour
mi/hr)
league, nautical 5.559 552 kilometers 3 miles, nautical
league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute
link (surveyor's) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches
liter 0.001 meters^3 61.023 74 inches^3
liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry
liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid
meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards
meter^2 10,000 centimeters^2 1.195 990 yards^2
meter^3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards^3
micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches
mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch
mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles,
statute
mile^2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers^2 1.325 miles^2, statute
mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs
mile^2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section
mile^2, statute 2.589 988 11 kilometers^2 0.755 miles^2, nautical
minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces,
liquid
ounce, avoirdupois 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains
ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid
ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains
pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches
peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry
pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains
pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry
pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid
point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches
pound, avoirdupois 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avourdupois
pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy
quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry
quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid
quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp.
rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards
scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains
section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers^2 1 mile2, statute or 640
acres
span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches
stere 1 meter3 1.307 95 yards^3
tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons
teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons
ton, long or 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avoirdupois
deadweight
ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds,
avoirdupois
ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 32,150.75 ounces, troy
ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters^3 100 feet^3
ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avoirdupois
township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers^2 36 miles^2, statute
yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet
yard^2 0.836 127 36 meters^2 9 feet^2
yard^3 0.764 554 86 meters^3 27 feet^3
yard^3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons
Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
This list indicates where various names including all United States
Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or
geographical portions of larger entities can be found in The World
Factbook. Spellings are not necessarily those approved by the United
States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in
parentheses; additional information is included in brackets.
Name Entry in The World Factbook
Abidjan [US Embassy] Ivory Coast
Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] United Arab Emirates
Acapulco [US Consular Agency] Mexico
Accra [US Embassy] Ghana
Adana [US Consulate] Turkey
Addis Ababa [US Embassy] Ethiopia
Adelaide [US Consular Agency] Australia
Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) Antarctica
[claimed by France]
Aden Yemen
Aden, Gulf of Indian Ocean
Admiralty Islands Papua New Guinea
Adriatic Sea Atlantic Ocean
Aegean Islands Greece
Aegean Sea Atlantic Ocean
Afars and Issas, French Djibouti
Territory of the (F.T.A.I.)
Agalega Islands Mauritius
Aland Islands Finland
Alaska United States
Alaska, Gulf of Pacific Ocean
Aldabra Islands Seychelles
Alderney Guernsey
Aleutian Islands United States
Alexander Island Antarctica
Alexandria [US Consulate General] Egypt
Algiers [US Embassy] Algeria
Alhucemas, Penon de Spain
Alma-Ata Kazakhstan
Alphonse Island Seychelles
Amami Strait Pacific Ocean
Amindivi Islands India
Amirante Isles Seychelles
Amman [US Embassy] Jordan
Amsterdam [US Consulate General] Netherlands
Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Amundsen Sea Pacific Ocean
Amur China; Russia
Andaman Islands India
Andaman Sea Indian Ocean
Anegada Passage Atlantic Ocean
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan
Anjouan Comoros
Ankara [US Embassy] Turkey
Annobon Equatorial Guinea
Antananarivo [US Embassy] Madagascar
Antipodes Islands New Zealand
Antwerp [US Consulate General] Belgium
Aozou Strip [claimed by Libya] Chad
Aqaba, Gulf of Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea Indian Ocean
Arafura Sea Pacific Ocean
Argun China; Russia
Ascension Island Saint Helena
Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) Turkmenistan
Ashkhabad [Interim Chancery] Turkmenistan
Assumption Island Seychelles
Asuncion [US Embassy] Paraguay
Asuncion Island Northern Mariana Islands
Atacama Chile
Athens [US Embassy] Greece
Attu United States
Auckland [US Consulate General] New Zealand
Auckland Islands New Zealand
Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) French Polynesia
Axel Heiberg Island Canada
Azores Portugal
Azov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean
Bab el Mandeb Indian Ocean
Babuyan Channel Pacific Ocean
Babuyan Islands Philippines
Baffin Bay Arctic Ocean
Baffin Island Canada
Baghdad Iraq
Baku Azerbaijan
Baky (Baku) Azerbaijan
Balabac Strait Pacific Ocean
Balearic Islands Spain
Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic Ocean
Bali [US Consular Agency] Indonesia
Bali Sea Indian Ocean
Balintang Channel Pacific Ocean
Balintang Islands Philippines
Balleny Islands Antarctica
Balochistan Pakistan
Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean
Bamako [US Embassy] Mali
Banaba (Ocean Island) Kiribati
Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] Brunei
Banda Sea Pacific Ocean
Bangkok [US Embassy] Thailand
Bangui [US Embassy] Central African Republic
Banjul [US Embassy] Gambia, The
Banks Island Canada
Banks Islands (Iles Banks) Vanuatu
Barcelona [US Consulate General] Spain
Barents Sea Arctic Ocean
Barranquilla [US Consulate] Colombia
Bashi Channel Pacific Ocean
Basilan Strait Pacific Ocean
Bass Strait Indian Ocean
Batan Islands Philippines
Bavaria (Bayern) Germany
Beagle Channel Atlantic Ocean
Bear Island (Bjornoya) Svalbard
Beaufort Sea Arctic Ocean
Bechuanaland Botswana
Beijing [US Embassy] China
Beirut [US Embassy] Lebanon
Belau Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the
(Palau)
Belem [US Consular Agency] Brazil
Belep Islands (Iles Belep) New Caledonia
Belfast [US Consulate General] United Kingdom
Belgian Congo Zaire
Belgrade [US Embassy] Yugoslavia
Belize City [US Embassy] Belize
Belle Isle, Strait of Atlantic Ocean
Bellinghausen Sea Pacific Ocean
Belmopan Belize
Belorussia Belarus
Bengal, Bay of Indian Ocean
Bering Sea Pacific Ocean
Bering Strait Pacific Ocean
Berkner Island Antarctica
Berlin [US Branch Office] Germany
Berlin, East Germany
Berlin, West Germany
Bern [US Embassy] Switzerland
Bessarabia Romania; Moldova
Bijagos, Arquipelago dos Guinea-Bissau
Bikini Atoll Marshall Islands
Bilbao [US Consulate] Spain
Bioko Equatorial Guinea
Biscay, Bay of Atlantic Ocean
Bishbek [Interim Chancery] Kyrgyzstan
Bishop Rock United Kingdom
Bismarck Archipelago Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Sea Pacific Ocean
Bissau [US Embassy] Guinea-Bissau
Bjornoya (Bear Island) Svalbard
Black Rock Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Black Sea Atlantic Ocean
Boa Vista Cape Verde
Bogota [US Embassy] Colombia
Bombay [US Consulate General] India
Bonaire Netherlands Antilles
Bonifacio, Strait of Atlantic Ocean
Bonin Islands Japan
Bonn [US Embassy] Germany
Bophuthatswana South Africa
Bora-Bora French Polynesia
Bordeaux [US Consulate General] France
Borneo Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia
Bornholm Denmark
Bosporus Atlantic Ocean
Bothnia, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean
Bougainville Island Papua New Guinea
Bougainville Strait Pacific Ocean
Bounty Islands New Zealand
Brasilia [US Embassy] Brazil
Brazzaville [US Embassy] Congo
Bridgetown [US Embassy] Barbados
Brisbane [US Consulate] Australia
British East Africa Kenya
British Guiana Guyana
British Honduras Belize
British Solomon Islands Solomon Islands
British Somaliland Somalia
Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission Belgium
to European Communities, US
Mission to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (USNATO)]
Bucharest [US Embassy] Romania
Budapest [US Embassy] Hungary
Buenos Aires [US Embassy] Argentina
Bujumbura [US Embassy] Burundi
Byelorussia Belarus
Cabinda Angola
Cabot Strait Atlantic Ocean
Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
Cairo [US Embassy] Egypt
Calcutta [US Consulate General] India
Calgary [US Consulate General] Canada
California, Gulf of Pacific Ocean
Campbell Island New Zealand
Canal Zone Panama
Canary Islands Spain
Canberra [US Embassy] Australia
Cancun [US Consular Agency] Mexico
Canton (Guangzhou) China
Canton Island Kiribati
Cape Town [US Consulate General] South Africa
Caracas [US Embassy] Venezuela
Cargados Carajos Shoals Mauritius
Caroline Islands Micronesia, Federated States of;
Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the
Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean
Carpentaria, Gulf of Pacific Ocean
Casablanca [US Consulate General] Morocco
Cato Island Australia
Cebu [US Consulate] Philippines
Celebes Indonesia
Celebes Sea Pacific Ocean
Celtic Sea Atlantic Ocean
Central African Empire Central African Republic
Ceuta Spain
Ceylon Sri Lanka
Chafarinas, Islas Spain
Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) British Indian Ocean Territory
Channel Islands Guernsey; Jersey
Chatham Islands New Zealand
Cheju-do Korea, South
Cheju Strait Pacific Ocean
Chengdu [US Consulate General] China
Chesterfield Islands New Caledonia
(Iles Chesterfield)
Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] Thailand
Chihli, Gulf of (Bo Hai) Pacific Ocean
China, People's Republic of China
China, Republic of Taiwan
Choiseul Solomon Islands
Christchurch [US Consular Agency] New Zealand
Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] Australia
Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] Kiribati
(Kiritimati)
